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[hal-02760030] Clear-cutting effects on soil organic matter content and quality in a temperate maritime pine forest a spatial and temporal assessment
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (C. Jolivet) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02760030v1
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[hal-02666811] Consequences of aggregation for the trace element distribution in the subsoil of a Planosol naturally rich in trace-metal
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02666811v1
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[hal-02771559] Constitution d'un référentiel pédo-géochimique en région Nord - Pas de Calais
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02771559v1
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[hal-01192305] Analyse spatiale de la teneur en PCB-187 des sols du RMQS en utilisant les données inférieures au seuil de quantification
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Orton) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01192305v1
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[hal-01192117] Rôle des matières organiques particulaires de composts d'origine urbaine et de sols amendés par ces produits dans la rétention de contaminants
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Cambier) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192117v1
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[hal-02645432] Mapping black carbon content in topsoils of central France
Black Carbon (BC) is an important carbon pool due to its relative stability in soil. Thus, it is essential to determine the amount of BC in soil to have a better understanding of the global carbon cycle. The spatial distribution of BC was determined in the central region of France in relation to the main controlling factors. BC was measured for topsoil at 158 sites in the French soil monitoring network on a regular 16 × 16-km grid. A linear mixed model (LMM) which included fixed effects (linear relationships between BC content and covariates) and spatially correlated random effects was used for mapping BC to aid explanation. Covariates were selected from a set of factors linked to the BC cycle using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The results show high variability in BC content with a minimum of 0.9%, a maximum of 32% and an average of 5.3% for total organic carbon. The fine-earth fraction and clay content gave the best statistical explanation for the spatial distribution of BC. Data on these covariates were not available in total for the whole study area, and therefore we reselected covariates using the fine-earth amount and density of fires from burning crop residues.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Baptiste J.-B. Paroissien) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02645432v1
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[hal-01019435] Dealing with below quantification limit data in geostatistical analyses
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Orton) 07 Jul 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01019435v1
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[hal-02840031] Constitution of a pedogeochemical system of reference in the Nord-Pas de Calais (France). Methodology and first results
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02840031v1
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[hal-01192511] Proposition d'essais méthodologiques de détermination des Polluants Organiques Persistants (POPs) sur un sous-échantillon du RMQS
Les Polluants Organiques Persistants (POPs) peuvent être très rémanents, bioaccumulables et toxiques et les sols sont un réservoir pour nombre d'entre eux. A l'heure actuelle, aucune base de données ne répertorie les valeurs en POPs sur l'ensemble de la France. Le projet POP RMQS consiste en une étude localisée des Polluants Organiques Persistants (POPs) dans les sols basée sur le Réseau de Mesure de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS) dans l'objectif de déterminer leur détectabilité, d'observer d'éventuels gradients et d'indiquer l'orientation du choix des paramètres dans le cas de l'extension de cette étude au niveau national. Beaucoup des sites analysés en POPs comptent des valeurs inférieures au seuil de détection. Il est possible d'observer des gradients pour certains groupes de POPs, comme les Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAPs), les Pesticides OrganoChlorés (OCPs) et les herbicides, souvent localisés dans le même secteur. Cette localisation commune ne semble pas avoir la même origine pour les HAPs et les OCPs et herbicides
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle Villanneau) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192511v1
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[hal-02659648] Location of trace elements in unpolluted soils by a combined method.
A sequential extraction procedure was combined with physical fractionation and mineralogy to determine the distribution of trace elements (TE) among the different phases of a poorly weathered sample. It was first fractionated into five particle-size fractions. Two of these were selected for sequential extractions on the basis of their contrasting mineralogical compositions. A five-step sequential extraction scheme was employed. The studied sample is mostly composed of hornblende, quartz, and feldspars. Early weathering has already occurred, resulting in the formation of smectite and oxides. Sequential extractions show that the studied elements are mostly associated with the residual phases. Hornblende was the main TE bearer of the primary minerals, whereas TEs released through weathering precipitated in both smectite and oxides. Oxides were found to scavenge copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) more efficiently than smectite. Copper and nickel (Ni) were more concentrated in smectite than in hornblende.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659648v1
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[hal-02740272] Enseignements tirés de la comparaison des résultats analytiques entre deux campagnes du RMQS, en Région Centre
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Line Boulonne) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02740272v1
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[hal-01173771] The state of the soils in France in 2011 - A synthesis
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Véronique Antoni) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01173771v1
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[hal-02648758] Black carbon estimation in French calcareous soils using Chemo-Thermal Oxidation method
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giovanni G. Caria) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648758v1
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[hal-02698746] Le suivi de la qualité des sols en France, la contribution de l'Observatoire de la Qualité des Sols
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Martin) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02698746v1
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[hal-01192429] Evaluation in situ de l’impact de composts d’origine urbaine sur la mobilité de contaminants métalliques et organiques en agriculture
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Cambier) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192429v1
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[hal-01192053] Proposition d'essais méthodologiques de détermination des Polluants 0rganiques Persistants (POPs) sur un sous échantillon du RMQS
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle Villanneau) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192053v1
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[hal-02842168] Les éléments traces métalliques et la qualité des sols. Impact à moyen et à long terme
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Chassin) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02842168v1
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[hal-01192264] Spatial distribution of lindane in topsoil of Northern France
Lindane is a persistent organochlorine insecticide and the use of this insecticide in agriculture was banned in France in 1998. In this study we investigated the concentrations of lindane in topsoil in Northern France and used robust geostatistics to map the geographical distribution of lindane. The study was based on a 16 km × 16 km grid covering an area of ca 25 000 km2. Lindane was found in all soils, even those from non-agricultural-application areas. Very low ratios of α-/γ-HCH and δ-/γ-HCH suggested that a long time had passed since technical HCH was used in the studied area, or that emission sources of lindane were still present. A strong gradient in lindane concentration was observed, with the highest lindane concentrations in an area located in the northern region. Results suggested that some of the lindane observed in the high concentration area may have come from volatilization of old lindane applied to intensively cultivated areas, which was then transported by prevailing winds coming from the south-west and deposited in a densely inhabited depression.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle Villanneau) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192264v1
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[hal-01192212] Which persistent organic pollutants can we map in soil using a large spacing systematic soil monitoring design? A case study in Northern France
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) impact upon human and animal health and the wider environment. It is important to determine where POPs are found and the spatial pattern of POP variation. The concentrations of 90 molecules which are members of four families of POPs and two families of herbicides were measured within a region of Northern France as part of the French National Soil Monitoring Network (RMQS: Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols). We also gather information on five covariates (elevation, soil organic carbon content, road density, land cover and population density) which might influence POP concentrations. The study region contains 105 RMQS observation sites arranged on a regular square grid with spacing of 16 km. The observations include hot-spots at sites of POP application, smaller concentrations where POPs have been dispersed and observations less than the limit of quantification (LOQ) where the soil has not been impacted by POPs. Fifty nine of the molecules were detected at less than 50 sites and hence the data were unsuitable for spatial analyses. We represent the variation of the remaining 31 molecules by various linear mixed models which can include fixed effects (i.e. linear relationships between the molecule concentrations and covariates) and spatially correlated random effects. The best model for each molecule is selected by the Akaike Information Criterion. For nine of the molecules, spatial correlation is evident and hence they can potentially be mapped. For four of these molecules, the spatial correlation cannot be wholly explained by fixed effects. It appears that these molecules have been transported away from their application sites and are now dispersed across the study region with the largest concentrations found in a heavily populated depression. More complicated statistical models and sampling designs are required to explain the distribution of the less dispersed molecules.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle Villanneau) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192212v1
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[hal-02698755] Thallium in french agrosystems. 1. Thallium contents in arable soils
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anne Tremel) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02698755v1
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[hal-02828472] Hétérogénéités spatiales générées par l'enfouissement de produits résiduaires organiques à l'échelle du profil cultural: impacts sur la dynamique des micropolluants organiques et minéraux
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Benoit) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02828472v1
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[hal-02647624] Prediction of soil organic and inorganic carbon contents at a national scale (France) using mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS)
This work aimed to evaluate the potential of mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) to predict soil organic and inorganic carbon contents with a 2086-sample set representative of French topsoils (0-30 cm). Ground air-dried samples collected regularly using a 16 x 16-km grid were analysed for total (dry combustion) and inorganic (calcimeter) carbon; organic carbon was calculated by difference. Calibrations of MIR spectra with partial least square regressions were developed with 10-80% of the set and five random selections of samples. Comparisons between samples with contrasting organic or inorganic carbon content and regression coefficients of calibration equations both showed that organic carbon was firstly associated with a wide spectral region around 2500-3500 cm-1 (which was a reflection of its complex nature), and inorganic carbon with narrow spectral bands, especially around 2520 cm-1. Optimal calibrations for both organic and inorganic carbon were achieved by using 20% of the total set: predictions were not improved much by including more of the set and were less stable, probably because of atypical samples. At the 20% rate, organic carbon predictions over the validation set (80% of the total) yielded mean R², standard error of prediction (SEP) and RPD (ratio of standard deviation to SEP) of 0.89, 6.7 g kg-1 and 3.0, respectively; inorganic carbon predictions yielded 0.97, 2.8 g kg-1 and 5.6, respectively. This seemed appropriate for large-scale soil inventories and mapping studies but not for accurate carbon monitoring, possibly because carbonate soils were included. More work is needed on organic carbon calibrations for large-scale soil libraries.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Clovis Grinand) 22 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02647624v1
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[hal-02839642] Observatoire de la qualité des sols. Rapport sur les travaux 1995-1998
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Arrouays) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02839642v1
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[hal-02828275] Pathways of transfer of Pb, Cd and Zn in highly contaminated soils
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (C. Schvartz) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02828275v1
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[hal-02770855] Trace elements uptake by wheat grains depending on soil types (QUASAR programme)
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02770855v1
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[hal-02759868] Comparison of three chemical extraction methods for assessing the availability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn to winter wheat
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02759868v1
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[hal-02669873] Of the necessity of knowledge of the natural pedo-geochemical background content in the evaluation of the contamination of soils by trace elements
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02669873v1
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[hal-01000803] Analyzing the spatial distribution of PCB concentrations in soils using below-quantification limit data
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly toxic environmental pollutants that can accumulate in soils. We consider the problem of explaining and mapping the spatial distribution of PCBs using a spatial data set of 105 PCB-187 measurements from a region in the north of France. A large proportion of our data (35%) fell below a quantification limit (QL), meaning that their concentrations could not be determined to a sufficient degree of precision. Where a measurement fell below this QL, the inequality information was all that we were presented with. In this work, we demonstrate a full geostatistical analysis-bringing together the various components, including model selection, cross-validation, and mapping using censored data to represent the uncertainty that results from below-QL observations. We implement a Monte Carlo maximum likelihood approach to estimate the geostatistical model parameters. To select the best set of explanatory variables for explaining and mapping the spatial distribution of PCB-187 concentrations, we apply the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The AIC provides a trade-off between the goodness-of-fit of a model and its complexity (i.e., the number of covariates). We then use the best set of explanatory variables to help interpolate the measurements via a Bayesian approach, and produce maps of the predictions. We calculate predictions of the probability of exceeding a concentration threshold, above which the land could be considered as contaminated. The work demonstrates some differences between approaches based on censored data and on imputed data (in which the below-QL data are replaced by a value of half of the QL). Cross-validation results demonstrate better predictions based on the censored data approach, and we should therefore have confidence in the information provided by predictions from this method.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas T. Orton) 04 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01000803v1
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[hal-01000802] Spatial distribution of lindane concentration in topsoil across France
Lindane [gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH)] is an organochlorine pesticide with toxic effects on humans. It is bioaccumulative and can remain in soils for long periods, and although its use for crop spraying was banned in France in 1998, it is possible that residues from before this time remain in the soil. The RMQS soil monitoring network consists of soil samples from 2200 sites on a 16 km regular grid across France, collected between 2002 and 2009. We use 726 measurements of the Lindane concentration in these samples to (i) investigate the main explanatory factors for its spatial distribution across France, and (ii) map this distribution. Geostatistics provides an appropriate framework to analyze our spatial dataset, though two issues regarding the data are worth special consideration: first, the harmonization of two subsets of the data (which were analyzed using different measurement processes), and second, the large proportion of data from one of these subsets that fell below a limit of quantification. We deal with these issues using recent methodological developments in geostatistics. Results demonstrate the importance of land use and rainfall for explaining part of the variability of Lindane across France: land use due to the past direct input of Lindane on cropland and its subsequent persistence in the soil, and rainfall due to the re-deposition of volatilized Lindane. Maps show the concentrations to be generally largest in the north and northwest of France, areas of more intensive agricultural land. We also compare levels to some contamination thresholds taken from the literature, and present maps showing the probability of Lindane concentrations exceeding these thresholds across France. These maps could be used as guidelines for deciding which areas require further sampling before some possible remediation strategy could be applied. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas T. Orton) 04 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01000802v1
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[hal-02772016] Preliminary investigation on thallium in soils in France
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anne Tremel) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02772016v1
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[hal-02698218] Les éléments traces métalliques et la qualité des sols. Impact à moyen et à long terme
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Chassin) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02698218v1
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[hal-02820216] Détection des polluants organiques persistants dans les sols. Analyse de faisabilité sur la base d'un sous-échantillonnage du réseau de mesure de la qualité des sols. Programme POP-RMQS, rapport intermédiaire juillet 2008
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique D. Arrouays) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02820216v1
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[hal-02830941] Etude de la spéciation des métaux Zn, Pb, Cd et Cu dans les sols pollués. Relations entre métaux polluants et matière organique du sol
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Isabelle Lamy) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02830941v1
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[hal-01173741] L'état des sols de France
Ce livre met à la disposition d’un large public le premier état des lieux sur la qualité des sols de France métropolitaine et des Outre-mer. Il repose sur un important travail d’acquisition et d’exploitation de données réalisé par le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique Sol depuis 10 ans. Après avoir décrit les différentes fonctions des sols dans nos sociétés puis leur diversité, le cœur de l’ouvrage examine et synthétise les données acquises sur l’état chimique, biologique et physique des sols. Bien que subsistent encore de fortes incertitudes, cet état des lieux souligne les principales inquiétudes relatives à l’évolution de la qualité des sols mais met aussi en évidence certains points positifs. En effet, les sols sont le support des activités agricoles et sylvicoles et les garants de notre sécurité alimentaire. En interagissant avec les autres milieux, ils assurent des services essentiels à l’Homme et à l’environnement. Pourtant, ils restent encore largement méconnus, car leur présence est le plus souvent occultée par la végétation, les habitations ou les infrastructures qui les recouvrent. Or, les sols constituent une ressource naturelle dont la destruction est difficilement réversible et la réhabilitation très coûteuse. Leurs usages et leur devenir représentent un enjeu collectif majeur pour le développement durable. La connaissance de leur état et de son évolution est donc primordiale tant pour le maintien des activités humaines que pour la préservation de la qualité de notre environnement. Considérant « le sol » comme un enjeu insuffisamment connu, le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique sur les sols, le Gis Sol, a été créé en 2001 par plusieurs acteurs publics. Il contribue aujourd’hui par cette première synthèse nationale à l’amélioration des connaissances sur les sols et à leur plus large appropriation par les citoyens, les décideurs ou les aménageurs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Véronique Antoni) 13 Dec 2021
https://hal.science/hal-01173741v1
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[hal-02697535] Effect of carbon source supply and its location on competition between inoculated and established bacterial strains in sterile soil microcosm
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Duquenne) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02697535v1
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[hal-02771186] The French National "Soil Quality Observatory
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Martin) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02771186v1
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[hal-01000800] First evidence of large-scale PAH trends in French soils
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread organic pollutants. Soils are a reservoir of PAHs because some soil constituents favour PAH accumulation. Therefore, soil is a key indicator of the degree of contamination. So far, studies mapping soil PAH levels over large territories are very rare. Here, we report the first nation-wide maps of soil PAHs in France. Results were obtained within the French National Soil Monitoring Network, which is the first European network monitoring systematically soil PAHs. We used advanced geostatistics to map PAH distribution over the whole French territory. Our results show clear trends of PAH levels at the nation scale. For instance, the highest PAH levels are found in Northern and Eastern France. This high contamination is explained by the intense industrial activity of these regions during the last century. High levels of PAH are also found near some coastlines. This observation could be explained by long-range atmospheric transportation. In addition, we found that light PAHs are rarely found in French topsoils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle E. Villanneau) 04 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01000800v1
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[hal-04792231] Validation des méthodes d’analyse quantitative par le profil d’exactitude
Pour celle ou celui qui a entre les mains ce numéro spécial du Cahier des Techniques de l’Inra, deux questions peuvent se poser : - Pourquoi devrais-je valider les méthodes d’analyse que j’utilise ? - Si je me décide, comment dois-je m’y prendre ?
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Max Feinberg) 20 Nov 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04792231v1
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[hal-04736442] Loiret, Meung-sur-Loire, ZAC Synergie Val-de-Loire, les Bouillants et la Maison Neuve : De l'établissement aristocratique laténien à l'exploitation rurale antique : rapport de fouille
L’opération de fouille préventive de Meung-sur-Loire (Loiret) est liée à l’implantation d’une plateforme logistique au sein de la Zac Synergie Val-de-Loire aux lieux-dits La Maison Neuve et Les Bouillants. Le projet s’étend sur deux zones distinctes. Au nord la Zone A au lieu-dit La Maison Neuve. Au sud la Zone B au lieu-dit Les Bouillants . Le secteur avait été largement diagnostiqué (12,6%) en 2015 par le Service d’Archéologie Préventive du Conseil Départemental du Loiret. La fouille est la quatrième effectuée sur cette zone auxquelles s’ajoutent sept opérations de diagnostic, offrant ainsi la possibilité de mieux caractériser la nature et l’étendue des différents vestiges mis au jour, ainsi que leurs éventuels rapports chronologiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Philippe Gay) 15 Oct 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04736442v1
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[hal-04181805] First glance of French soil contamination by pesticide residues and the interest for broad-scale monitoring
The intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture raised concerns about their environmental fate and impacts on the ecosystems. If the monitoring of those substances in water bodies has been established in Europe since the 2000’s, knowledge of soil contamination by such residues is scarce. However, the few studies addressing this issue pointed out the widespread occurrence of pesticides in soils and the risk they can pose for soil biodiversity. This study investigated 111 currently used pesticides in 47 soils sampled across France, mostly from arable lands but also from forest and grasslands theoretically exempted of pesticides applications. The sampling strategy was based on the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network (Jolivet et al., 2022) to evaluate the feasibility of using an existing network for pesticides monitoring in soils. The results demonstrated the widespread contamination of almost all soils samples by residues, including untreated areas such as forests and permanent grasslands. Up to 33 different substances in one soil sample were detected, at concentrations leading to a medium to high ecotoxicological risk for earthworms in arable lands. Several frequently detected residues have never been reported in the literature so far or were found at much lower detection rates. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application records provided by the farmers revealed the unexpected presence of some substance in sites where they were not applied and a longer than expected persistence of several compounds. These findings question the fate of currently used pesticides in the environment under current agricultural practices and advocate for the monitoring of pesticides in soils at broad scales. Filling the knowledge gap of pesticide presence in soil is necessary to understand the contamination of other environmental compartments and prevent their contamination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 16 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04181805v1
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[hal-04412728] Projet Phytosol Résidus de pesticides dans les sols français : présence, risques et persistance
À la différence de ce qui est fait pour les milieux aquatiques et l'atmosphère, la surveillance de la contamination des sols par les pesticides n'existe pas à l'échelle du territoire. Or, des travaux récents de chercheurs INRAE, en collaboration avec l'université de Bordeaux, montrent qu'un grand nombre de substances, en quantité importante, y persistent sous forme de résidus. Des résultats parus dans la revue Environmental Science & Technology.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 26 Jan 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04412728v1
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[hal-04658071] First glance of french soil contamination by pesticide residues and the need for broad-scale monitoring
The intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture raised concerns about their environmental fate and impacts on the ecosystems. If the monitoring of those substances in water bodies has been established in Europe since the 2000’s, knowledge of soil contamination by such residues is scarce. However, the few studies addressing this issue pointed out the widespread occurrence of pesticides in soils and the risk they can pose for soil biodiversity. This study investigated 111 currently used pesticides in 47 soils sampled across France, mostly from arable lands but also from forest and grasslands theoretically exempted of pesticides applications. The sampling strategy was based on the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network to evaluate the feasibility of using an existing network for pesticides monitoring in soils. The results demonstrated the widespread contamination of almost all soils samples by residues, including untreated areas such as forests and permanent grasslands. Up to 33 different substances in one soil sample were detected, at concentrations leading to a medium to high ecotoxicological risk for earthworms in arable lands. Several frequently detected residues have never been reported in the literature so far or were found at much lower detection rates. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application records provided by the farmers revealed the unexpected presence of some substance in sites where they were not applied and a longer than expected persistence of several compounds. These findings question the fate of currently used pesticides in the environment under current agricultural practices and advocate for the monitoring of pesticides in soils at broad scales. Filling the knowledge gap of pesticide presence in soil is necessary to understand the contamination of other environmental compartments and prevent their contamination. Therefore, there is a clear need to integrate pesticide analysis in national soil monitoring programs to evaluate contamination levels, which will be conducted in France. This monitoring will include both target and non-target analyses to identify all the potential molecules in soil.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04658071v1
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[hal-04104434] Pesticide Residues in French Soils: Occurrence, Risks, and Persistence
Contamination of the environment by pesticide residues is a growing concern given their widespread presence in the environment and their effects on ecosystems. Only a few studies have addressed the occurrence of pesticides in soils, and their results highlighted the need for further research on the persistence and risks induced by those substances. We monitored 111 pesticide residues (48 fungicides, 36 herbicides, 25 insecticides and/or acaricides, and two safeners) in 47 soils sampled across France under various land uses (arable lands, vineyards, orchards, forests, grasslands, and brownfields). Pesticides were found in 98% of the sites (46 of the 47 sampled), including untreated areas such as organic fields, forests, grasslands, and brownfields, with up to 33 different substances detected in one sample, mostly fungicides and herbicides. The concentrations of herbicides were the highest in soils with glyphosate, and its transformation product, AMPA, contributed 70% of the cumulative herbicides. Risk assessment underlined a moderate to high risk for earthworms in arable soils mostly attributed to insecticides and/or acaricides. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application by farmers underlines the presence of some residues long after their supposed 90% degradation and at concentrations higher than predicted environmental concentrations, leading to questions their real persistence in soils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 24 May 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04104434v1
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[hal-02676607] Phytodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les grains de blé
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02676607v1
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[hal-02669405] Factors affecting trace element concentrations in soils developed on recent marine deposits from northern France
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02669405v1
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[hal-02758552] Le facteur d'enrichissement : un indicateur local et spatial de la contamination anthropique des sols
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hocine Bourennane) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02758552v1
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[hal-01000031] Les éléments en traces dans les sols agricoles du Nord - Pas de Calais- II. Cartographie des enrichissements dans les horizons de surface
La région Nord - Pas de Calais est une région très densément peuplée qui a été profondément affectée par des industries lourdes, l'exploitation minière du charbon dans le passé et une agriculture intensive, toujours active. Un jeu de données a été constitué en rassemblant des teneurs en éléments en traces mesurées dans le cadre de différentes études menées sur les sols agricoles de la région. Des facteurs d'enrichissements (FE) ont été calculés en chaque site pour 18 éléments en traces et 250 solums en utilisant l'aluminium comme élément géochimique de référence et un horizon profond ou le matériau parental supposé non contaminé par les activités humaines. L'analyse variographique a révélé que seulement huit métaux traces (Bi, Cd, Cu, In, Pb, Sn, Tl, Zn) sont spatialement corrélés, ce qui a permis d'utiliser la simulation séquentielle gaussienne pour la spatialisation de leurs FE. Le Cd montre un net enrichissement (FE le plus souvent compris entre 3 et 10, parfois plus) sur la quasi-totalité du territoire régional tandis que le Zn et le Pb montrent de forts enrichissements localement (FE de 3 à 30) à proximité immédiate d'usines de production de ces métaux (Auby, Noyelles-Godault, Mortagne-du-Nord) ou de grandes agglomérations (Dunkerque, Lille, Valenciennes, Est du bassin minier). Le Bi, le Cu et le Sn montrent des enrichissements modérés (de 1,5 à 3) sur la moitié du territoire régional, principalement autour des plus grandes villes et des usines de production de Pb et Zn. L'indium et le Tl présentent des FE de 1 à 1,5 sur l'ensemble du territoire avec des valeurs plus élevées en certaines zones urbanisées ou industrialisées. Les cartes de spatialisation des FE, rapprochées de celle de l'occupation du territoire par les activités humaines, montrent les origines principalement industrielle, urbaine et routière des enrichissements en Pb et Zn, de même que ceux, nettement plus faibles en Bi, In et Tl. Les enrichissements en Cu, Sn et Cd comporteraient quant à eux une origine agricole plus importante que ceux des précédents éléments. Certains éléments non spatialement corrélés présentent des FE nettement supérieurs à 1 en moyenne. C'est le cas de Hg, Mn, Mo, Sb et Se. Ces enrichissements ont probablement en partie une origine humaine mais l'impossibilité de modéliser leur distribution spatiale n'a pas permis de les relier aux activités anthropiques. Enfin, As, Co, Cr, Ni et V ne semblent pas avoir été apportés dans les sols par les activités humaines, puisqu'ils présentent des FE proches de 1 et, de plus, non reliés à l'occupation du territoire. Pour certains éléments, les quantités apportées par les activités humaines et stockées dans l'horizon de surface ont été estimées. Les plus importantes sont celles du Pb et du Zn, de l'ordre de 60 000 T. Viennent ensuite le Cu, avec environ 15 000 t, le Sn (environ 2 000 t) et le Cd (environ 1 100 t).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 29 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01000031v1
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[hal-02654027] Les éléments en traces dans les sols agricoles du Nord-Pas-de-Calais : I. Étude et cartographie des teneurs des horizons de surface
La base de données utilisée pour la présente étude rassemble des populations d’analyses de sols provenant de cinq sources correspondant chacune à une stratégie d’échantillonnage différente et à un objectif distinct. Au total, 3 929 analyses réalisées entre 1990 et 2007 ont été collectées : elles provenaient presque exclusivement d’horizons de surface de sols agricoles. Outre les concentrations en ETM, les principales caractéristiques agro-pédologiques et les coordonnées géographiques, la base de données contient également des informations sur l’occupation du sol et sur la nature du matériau parental. Dans le Nord -Pas-de-Calais affleurent des roches sédimentaires variées, souvent recouvertes par des dépôts éoliens limoneux, mais tous ces matériaux montrent des teneurs naturelles faibles en ETM. Les différentes stratégies d’échantillonnage se sont assez bien complétées et ont permis une bonne couverture du territoire régional et des diverses causes de contaminations anthropiques : aussi bien les sources diffuses que celles très ponctuelles. Ont été réalisés divers traitements tels que : statistiques régionales descriptives ; examen de la localisation des valeurs anomaliques ; cartographies mono-élémentaires par krigeage ; vision multi-élémentaire grâce à un indice numérique additif très simple. Un fort contraste apparaît entre des secteurs fortement influencés par des contaminations voire des pollutions multimétalliques (zones riveraines de l’agglomération lilloise, environs immédiats de grands sites industriels) et les zones rurales qui ne montrent pas de contaminations nettes à l’exception du cadmium apporté par la fertilisation phosphatée. Outre une vision spatiale des teneurs pour les 8 principaux éléments traces, les traitements ont permis d’avoir une bonne connaissance statistique des teneurs usuelles en stratifiant par matériaux parentaux et par petites régions naturelles. Ces « teneurs agricoles habituelles » (TAH) ainsi stratifiées peuvent être correctement estimées en considérant toutes les valeurs comprises entre le percentile 10 et le percentile 90. Ces TAH peuvent être utilisées comme valeurs de référence plus appropriées que de simples statistiques calculées à l’échelon régional ou départemental, tout particulièrement dans le cadre de l’interprétation de l’état des milieux ou pour proposer aux services santé-environnement des Agences Régionales de Santé des valeurs seuils de sélection pour prendre en compte tel ou tel élément trace dans une évaluation des risques sanitaires.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02654027v1
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[hal-02659029] Mapping of anthropogenic trace elements inputs in agricultural topsoil from Northern France using enrichment factors
Anthropogenic trace element contamination of soils in the densely populated and industrialized Nord-Pas de Calais region (France) was quantified using enrichment factors (EFs). Total concentrations of Al and 18 trace elements (As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, In, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, and Zn) were determined in 252 sampling sites both in topsoil and deep horizons of soils developed from sedimentary materials. Thus, at each sampling site an enrichment factor was computed for each of the 18 trace elements as the ratio between total concentrations of the trace element in topsoil and deep horizons in the same soil pit, normalized by concentrations of Al measured in the same horizons and the same pit. To estimate EF values at unsampled locations and then to assess the spatial magnitude of anthropogenic trace element contamination over the whole study area (12400 km(2)), variography analysis was used to quantify the spatial structure of each EF. Results have shown that values of 8 EFs are spatially correlated. These EFs were thus mapped using the sequential Gaussian simulation technique. One hundred horizon samples from 50 supplementary sites were analysed for the structured trace elements and Al contents and used for the mapping validation. Results of the validation based on the accuracy plots and goodness statistics (G and D) allowed us to conclude that EF maps exhibited high certainty in regard to the validation data set. In addition, results have shown that E-type estimates were accurate when they are used to estimate the measured EF value of the validation data set. Accordingly, these maps were used to discuss the origin of patches of surface horizon enrichment displaying an exogenous input of the trace elements investigated. The whole study area under discussion is strongly enriched with cadmium, originating from both industrial and agricultural activities. Surface horizons also exhibit locally high levels of Pb and Zn enrichment, mainly around well-known former or current industrial sites. However. Pb and Zn enriched surface horizons are far less widespread than those enriched in Cd. Higher Cu, Bi and Sn EF values were observed in the northern part of the region studied than in the southern part. The dissimilarity underlined a rather diffuse contamination from the urbanized zone in the north to the rural zone in the south of the region. The enrichment of surface horizons by In and Tl seems insignificant. Some unstructured EFs were attributes to point-source enrichments.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hocine Bourennane) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659029v1
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[hal-02827241] Épandages de boues d'épurations urbaines sur des terres agricoles : impact sur la composition en éléments traces des sols et des grains de blé
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02827241v1
