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[hal-04719699] Technical note: A validated correction method to quantify organic and inorganic carbon in soils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis
Soils contain large amounts of carbon stored as organic carbon and carbonates. These carbon pools can contribute to climate regulation and are of primary importance in ensuring proper soil functioning. However, their accurate quantification remains a complex task. Rock-Eval ® thermal analysis has emerged as an alternative to classic dry combustion and wet methods due to its ability to simultaneously provide organic and inorganic carbon measurements on the same subsample. However, it has been observed that Rock-Eval ® systematically underestimates the soil organic carbon (SOC) while overestimating the soil inorganic carbon (SIC). In this technical note, we propose a validated correction of both SOC and SIC based on a machine-learning model and using a diverse dataset of 240 soil samples. We show that the proposed correction significantly increases the accuracy of the Rock-Eval ® method when compared to reference SOC and SIC values and applied to the dataset used for training and testing and that it can be successfully applied to data originating from different Rock-Eval ® machines without changing the routine analytical protocol. The transferability of the model allows for its future implementation in the Geoworks software so that Rock-Eval ® machines can routinely provide accurate SIC and SOC measurements.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marija Stojanova) 03 Oct 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04719699v1
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[hal-04236772] Comment développer un suivi de la biodiversité des sols français en s’appuyant sur le Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS) ?
Pour répondre au besoin de connaissances sur la biodiversité des sols, nous explorons la possibilité d’adosser un suivi de la biodiversité des sols au Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS). Ce couplage a pour objectif de bénéficier du caractère opérationnel du RMQS et de croiser les informations sur la biodiversité avec les données déjà disponibles sur les sols. Des mesures de biodiversité sont d’ailleurs déjà effectuées sur les sites du RMQS. Un groupe de travail incluant des experts nationaux a conçu un questionnaire pour évaluer la compatibilité du plan d’échantillonnage du RMQS avec la surveillance de la biodiversité des sols et définir les caractéristiques de ce nouveau suivi (taxons et fonctions à suivre, protocoles, besoins matériels, humains et financiers). Ces mêmes experts ont ensuite répondu au questionnaire et les informations collectées ont été complétées lors d’entretiens individuels. Les avancées du projet ont été validées en réunions plénières. Au sortir de ces réflexions, il a été conclu que le plan d’échantillonnage du RMQS (maille de 16 km x 16 km, site d’étude de 400 m2, ré-échantillonnage de chaque site tous les 15 ans) convenait à un suivi de la biodiversité des sols. Cependant, les experts écologues ont mis en avant la nécessité d’effectuer l’échantillonnage de la mésofaune et de la macrofaune au printemps. Ils recommandent cinq protocoles qui permettent de suivre les micro-organismes, la microfaune, la mésofaune et la macrofaune du sol. Une mesure de la flore a aussi été intégrée avec le suivi de la banque de graines. Trois fonctions (macroporosité du sol due à l’activité des vers de terre, activités enzymatiques et dégradation de la matière organique) seraient également mesurées. Si le RMQS-Biodiversité est mis en place de manière pérenne et déployé sur les 2240 sites métropolitains, il devrait permettre de documenter de manière robuste la biogéographie des organismes du sol, de décrypter leurs liens avec les pratiques agricoles et possiblement la découverte de nouvelles espèces. Une réflexion complémentaire devra être engagée pour les sites ultra-marins.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Camille Imbert) 11 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236772v2
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[hal-04162098] Intérêt de la normalisation de méthodes pour la recherche publique et la société
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christian Mougin) 14 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04162098v1
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[hal-02652685] The impact of redox conditions on the rare earth element signature of redoximorphic features in a soil sequence developed from limestone
Redox processes, which are widespread in soils, need to be quantified for an improved comprehension of the dynamics of Fe- and Mn-oxides and their associated trace elements. The classical methodology used to study these redox processes generally relies on the quantification of all mineral species in the various pedological features that can be related to different redox stages. However, this approach usually encounters the difficulty of precisely quantifying the different forms of poorly crystallised Fe- and Mn-oxides. In this study, we use the signature of rare earth elements (REEs) to visualise and, eventually, quantify the importance of redox processes in soils. Our approach relies on that developed by Laveuf et al. (2008) and the idea that the relative contribution to the mobilisation of REEs that is made by the primary minerals reactive to redox conditions depends on the following factors: (i) their initial proportion in the different pedological features that can be related to various redox processes, (ii) their relative mobilisation during the redox process in question, and (iii) their initial REE signatures. The catena studied is characterised by two stages of redox conditions: the first is related to the formation and subsequent dissolution of Fe–Mn concretions, and the second is related to the bleaching of the soil matrix due to morphological degradation. In this soil, the main minerals reactive to redox conditions are Mn-oxides, ferrihydrite, goethite and (fluor)apatite. The results indicate that the primary redox conditions can be characterised by a positive Ce anomaly on the REE pattern, which has been attributed to a preferential immobilisation of this element, due to its association with Mn-oxides. The results also indicate that the secondary redox conditions can be characterised by depletion in medium REEs (MREEs) in the REE pattern, which has been attributed to a preferential release of these elements during the dissolution of (fluor)apatite and, to a lesser extent, of ferrihydrite. These results emphasise the potential of REE signatures of the visualisation of the various redox processes that have been active in a soil. Additionally, REE signatures are a proxy of the frequency and intensity of the redox conditions. Highlights ► Identification of redoximorphic features. ► Speciation of rare earth elements in redoximorphic features. ► Impact of redox conditions on rare earth mobilization. ► Interpretation of changes in speciation and of fractionations. ► Use of rare earth elements as tracers of redox processes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Cédric Laveuf) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02652685v1
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[hal-03556753] Rôle du silicium dans la culture du blé en France : biodisponibilité, bioaccumulation et effet sur les rendements
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Dominique Meunier) 04 Feb 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03556753v1
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[hal-04104434] Pesticide Residues in French Soils: Occurrence, Risks, and Persistence
Contamination of the environment by pesticide residues is a growing concern given their widespread presence in the environment and their effects on ecosystems. Only a few studies have addressed the occurrence of pesticides in soils, and their results highlighted the need for further research on the persistence and risks induced by those substances. We monitored 111 pesticide residues (48 fungicides, 36 herbicides, 25 insecticides and/or acaricides, and two safeners) in 47 soils sampled across France under various land uses (arable lands, vineyards, orchards, forests, grasslands, and brownfields). Pesticides were found in 98% of the sites (46 of the 47 sampled), including untreated areas such as organic fields, forests, grasslands, and brownfields, with up to 33 different substances detected in one sample, mostly fungicides and herbicides. The concentrations of herbicides were the highest in soils with glyphosate, and its transformation product, AMPA, contributed 70% of the cumulative herbicides. Risk assessment underlined a moderate to high risk for earthworms in arable soils mostly attributed to insecticides and/or acaricides. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application by farmers underlines the presence of some residues long after their supposed 90% degradation and at concentrations higher than predicted environmental concentrations, leading to questions their real persistence in soils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 24 May 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04104434v1
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[hal-04608181] Centennial fertilization‐induced soil processes control contemporary soil geochemistry. Lessons from a long‐term bare fallow experiment
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 11 Jun 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04608181v1
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[hal-01901469] Trace metal availability in soil horizons amended with various urban waste composts during 17 years – Monitoring and modelling
Trace metal availability in soil horizons amended with various urban waste composts during 17 years – Monitoring and modelling
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Cambier) 22 Oct 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01901469v1
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[halshs-02955803] La collection historique d’échantillons de sols de l’essai patrimonial des ‘42 parcelles’ (INRAE, Versailles) : une machine à remonter le temps...
A la suite de travaux précédents sur les états pédogéochimiques, les bilans géochimiques et les impacts de la fertilisation dans les horizons profonds du NEOLUVISOL de lœss du dispositif des 42 parcelles d’INRAE (van Oort et al., 2016, 2017, 2020), nous examinons ici des aspects chronologiques d’évolutions intervenues en surface des sols depuis 1928. Pour cela, des séries d’une quinzaine d’échantillons de la collection historique ont été analysées pour une dizaine de traitements représentatifs : engrais à effet acidifiant (sulfate et phosphate d’ammonium), engrais à effet dispersant (nitrate de sodium, sylvinite, chlorure de potassium), superphosphate, amendements à effet alcalinisant (scories de déphosphoration, carbonate de calcium), fumier de cheval, ainsi que deux parcelles témoins’, sans apport. Nous abordons l’évolution temporelle i) des paramètres édaphiques : teneur en carbone organique et en argile, pH, CEC et garniture cationique ; ii) des teneurs totales en éléments majeurs et en trace ; iii), de la composition minéralogique de fractions argileuses et limoneuses, notamment dans le cas des traitements acidifiants. Les résultats, nombreux et souvent originaux, permettent d’apprécier l’ampleur des évolutions durant les 9 décennies d’expérimentation. Par rapport aux résultats antérieurs sur les impacts en profondeur, ces données contribuent à retracer des parties complémentaires d’une même histoire d’évolution, contrainte par les différents traitements de fertilisation. Vu sous un angle pédologique, le dispositif des 42 parcelles œuvre comme un « pédotron » en conditions réelles, mettant en évidence une accélération des processus d’évolution du sol limoneux selon différentes voies de la pédogenèse, en fonction de la nature des matières fertilisantes apportées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 03 Jan 2024
https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02955803v1
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[hal-01795989] Centennial fertilization-induced soil processes control contemporary soil geochemistry. Lessons from a long-term bare fallow experiment
Centennial fertilization-induced soil processes control contemporary soil geochemistry. Lessons from a long-term bare fallow experiment. Rothamsted Research Work shop: “The Future of Long-Term Experiments in agricultural science”
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 18 May 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01795989v1
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[hal-04062785] Can long-term fertilization accelerate pedogenesis? Depicting soil processes boosted by annual NPK-inputs since 1928 on bare loess Luvisol (INRAE-Versailles)
Human activities worldwide menace beneficial soil ecosystem services, but long-term anthropogenic impacts on soil properties and processes are often difficult to assess in field conditions. Here we exploited INRAE's patrimonial '42-plots' bare-fallow experiment, an unique long term experiment in the world created in 1928 in Versailles (France), to emphasize long-term impacts of annual inputs of NPK fertilizers (ammonium, phosphate, potassium salts) and basic amendments (lime, basic slag) on loess Luvisols. We selected plots receiving monovalent (Na+, K+), acid (NH4+), basic (Ca2+) and non-amended (reference) plots, thus embracing the today widely diverging physicochemical surface soils conditions. Temporal changes of soil characteristics were studied on historical archived topsoil samples, whereas soil-depth impacts were studied on samples from subsurface horizons collected in 2015 until 120-cm depth. Bare-fallow management caused a rapid organic matter (OM) decay, soil acidification, CEC reduction and lixiviation of cations. With reduced OM-buffering capacities, specific fertilizer-induced physicochemical conditions enhanced the development of several soil-forming processes. NH(4)fertilizers amplified soil acidification (pH < 4), lixiviation (i.e. 1.5 kg m 2 of Ca), aluminization of the exchange complex, and weathering of ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase feldspars. Under (NH4)(2)HPO4 fertilization, a quasi-total dissolution of chlorite and hornblende occurred, pointing to an acidocomplexolysis process in which the PO43- anion likely plays the role of complexing organic acids in Podzols. Ammonium fertilizers also affected E, B and C horizons. In reference plots, similar but lower effects remained restricted to the surface horizon. Na/Kfertilizers favoured substantial clay translocation (i.e. 10-15 kg m(-2)) from the Ap to underlying E and E/Bt horizons. Liming amendments counteracted acidifying effects of OM-depletion, and raised the pH to 8-8.5 and exchangeable Ca to >95%. It may be clear that the initial design specifications do not allow a direct comparison with current conditions of agricultural soils. However, in the view of global climate change, foreseeing a lowering of organic carbon contents in soils, the 42-plots trial acts like an "alert launcher", forecasting risks of soil degradation with respect to mineral soil phases, parameters and processes, generally buffered and masked by the presence of organic matter. The 42-plots experiment forms a high-valued playing field for experimental research, offering a unique centennial time-span of differing physicochemical properties in a soil context with close initial pedogenetic connexion.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04062785v1
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[cea-02632508] En direct de l’essai patrimonial des 42 parcelles d’INRAE à Versailles : impacts de fertilisations centenaires en profondeur du NEOLUVISOL de lœss
Après l’étude d’évolutions pédologiques et géochimiques dans l’horizon de surface (van Oort et al., 2016, 2017a), ce nouveau volet du projet de valorisation du dispositif des 42 parcelles de l’Inra de Versailles présente les effets d’apports continus de matières fertilisantes à l’échelle du solum, pour une dizaine de traitements : ammoniacaux, engrais-Na et/ou K, phosphatés, CaCO$_3$, fumier et témoins. Pour chaque traitement, les profils de teneur en éléments (0-120 cm) ont été comparés avec le bilan 1929-2014 en surface (0-25 cm), afin de raisonner la pertinence d’études des impacts d’activités anthropiques, restreintes à l’horizon de surface. En l’absence de végétation, 85 ans de traitements ont profondément marqué les sols : l’engrais ammoniacal provoque une forte baisse du pH, la décalcification et une forte aluminisation, parfois jusqu’à 1 m. Sous traitements alcalinisants, le pH est ≥ 8 et la CEC est quasi-saturée en Ca sur toute la profondeur. L’apport d’engrais sodiques et/ou potassiques peut affecter le complexe d’échange jusque dans le matériau parental ; les allures des profils de teneurs en argile évoluent de valeurs minimales en surface pour devenir maximales dans l’horizon BT, traduisant ainsi l’effet d’amplification du lessivage d’argile par les engrais Na/K.Quant aux éléments en trace métalliques (ETM), leurs profils de concentration corroborent en général les hypothèses de transfert en profondeur, formulées à partir des bilans géochimiques établis en surface (van Oort et al., 2017a) : i) accumulations distinctes de Cd, Mn et Co sous engrais ammoniacaux, et de Mo sous apport de CaCO$_3$, ii) allures analogues de profils de concentration en Fe, Sc et Tl et celle des teneurs en argile sous apport d’engrais Na et K, iii) allures de profils de concentration évoluant rapidement de valeurs minimales à maximales entre la surface et l’horizon BT pour Mg et Ni dans les traitements ‘acides’ et ‘monovalents’, confirmant leur mobilisation à la fois sous l’effet du pH et par lessivage. Cependant, sous apport de fumier, le profil de concentration de Mo témoigne de sa forte accumulation en profondeur, non-visible par le bilan Mo en surface ; sous scories, malgré un bilan positif de Mo en surface, l’ampleur de son accumulation en profondeur surprend. Quant au Cd, les apports par les scories ou le superphosphate restent confinés en surface. Par contre, sous apport de (NH$_4$)$_2$HPO$_4$, environ 2,6 kg/ha de Cd sont transférés en profondeur. Une telle quantité équivaut à la totalité de Cd apporté par l’engrais en 85 ans. Dans le traitement (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$, la quasi-totalité du fond pédogéochimique local en Cd a été exportée des 50 premiers cm du sol et transférée entre 70 et 100 cm.Ce travail atteste des aspects originaux et spectaculaires d’impacts cumulés au cours de la fertilisation prolongée sur la composition des sols, sous l’horizon de bêchage. Il souligne l’intérêt de considérer le solum pour une évaluation optimale des risques liés aux activités anthropiques. Dès lors, nos résultats appellent à d’avantage d’expertise en pédologie dans les programmes de recherches environnementales, qui se limitent aujourd’hui trop souvent à des approches analytiques sur des échantillons collectés en surface des sols.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 27 May 2020
https://cea.hal.science/cea-02632508v1
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[hal-01651297] Arsenic et vieilles parcelles
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 28 Nov 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01651297v1
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[hal-02534172] Improvement in spectral library-based quantification of soil properties using representative spiking and local calibration – The case of soil inorganic carbon prediction by mid-infrared spectroscopy
Mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) is time- and cost-effective. It was used for quantifying soil inorganic carbon (SIC) concentration in France based on a national library, and performances were evaluated on an independent regional set. Our objective was to improve the accuracy of MIRS predictions based on common multivariate regression, through spiking (enrichment of the national library with some representative target samples) with possible extra-weighting (replication of spiking samples) and local calibration (only using calibration samples that are spectral neighbours of each target samples), which have not been fully explored yet, in combination especially.Global (i.e. common) calibration yielded accurate prediction (standard error of prediction, SEP, was ≈ 5 g kg−1), which could be improved when the library was completed with spiking samples (optimally 10 samples extra-weighted 40 times; SEP = 3.3 g kg−1). Using spiking samples only (without the library) yielded slightly less accurate results (SEP = 3.6 g kg−1). Prediction was more accurate using local calibration without spiking, but on a validation set that was reduced because some validation samples lacked calibration neighbours (SEP = 2.5–2.7 g kg−1). Local calibration with spiking (optimally 10 samples without extra-weight) yielded somewhat less accurate prediction but for the full validation set when few calibration neighbours were required (SEP = 2.7 g kg−1), or higher accuracy on the reduced validation set when many neighbours were required (SEP = 2.3 g kg−1).These accurate predictions demonstrated the usefulness of representative spiking and local calibration for rendering large soil spectral libraries fully operational, while extra-weighting had no additional benefit. Along with more exhaustive spectral libraries, this paves the way for extensive use of MIRS for SIC determination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard Barthès) 20 May 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02534172v1
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[hal-04311197] Liquid chromatography - high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of pesticides in French agricultural soils
Agricultural soils are not controlled in France for the massive use of pesticides. The quadrupole mass spectrometer is used for targeted analysis of a few dozen pesticides, while the high-resolution time-offlight quadrupole mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS) allows both targeted and non-targeted analysis of hundreds of pesticides. In this study, a targeted method was developed in soils using pressurised-liquid extraction (PLE) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with a QTOFMS. This method development was necessary to carry out next suspect and non-target screening in soils and has been validated for triazines, phenylureas and emerging pesticides in soils. The internal calibration of pesticides was validated for low levels (0.5 to 12.5 μg L−1) and high levels (12.5 to 400 μg L−1) using labelled internal standards. The determination coefficient (R2) of calibration curve of each pesticide was greater than 0.99. Excepted DCPU and IPPU, the mean recoveries of pesticides in five reference soils spiked at 40 μg kg−1 and 10 μg kg−1 were greater than 93.5% and 106.2%, and the variation coefficients lower than 14.7% and 22.5%, respectively. So, multiplier factors were applied to the quantification results of DCPU and IPPU, respectively, 2.5 and 1.7 for correction. This validated method has been applied to a selection of 40 French soils of Centre-Val de Loire region. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of pesticides varied between 0.005 and 0.175 μg kg−1 in soils. Seven pesticides were the most detected in soils. Seventeen pesticides were detected between 10 and 50% of cases and very low detection frequencies (&lt;10%) were found for 10 pesticides in soils. The mean concentrations were 0.730 μg kg−1 dw for triazines, 1.367 μg kg−1 dw for phenylureas and 7.638 μg kg−1 dw for emerging pesticides. DCPMU and epoxiconazole were detected in all the 40 soils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giovanni Caria) 28 Nov 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04311197v1
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[hal-02839642] Observatoire de la qualité des sols. Rapport sur les travaux 1995-1998
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Arrouays) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02839642v1
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[hal-02760030] Clear-cutting effects on soil organic matter content and quality in a temperate maritime pine forest a spatial and temporal assessment
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (C. Jolivet) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02760030v1
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[hal-02697535] Effect of carbon source supply and its location on competition between inoculated and established bacterial strains in sterile soil microcosm
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Duquenne) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02697535v1
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[hal-01771810] Centennial Fertilization-Induced Soil Processes Control Trace Metal Dynamics. Lessons from a Long-Term Bare Fallow Experiment
Long-term bare fallow (LTBF) experiments with historical sample archives offer unique opportunities to study long-term impacts of anthropogenic activities on mineral soil fractions. In natural agro- and ecosystems, such impacts are often masked by organic matter due to its buffering action and rapid turnover. The 42-plot LTBF trial of INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) started in Versailles (France) in 1928 to assess the impacts of prolonged application of fertilizers and amendments on the composition and properties of loamy soils. Here, we established geochemical budgets of major and trace elements on surface samples from 1929 and 2014 for four groups of treatments relevant for developed soil processes. We considered accompanying effects of soil compaction or decompaction due to changing physicochemical conditions over 85 years. Element losses from the surface horizon were quantified via fertilization-induced or -amplified soil processes: clay leaching favored by Na- or K-based fertilization, and lixiviation of major and trace elements in acidic or alkaline soil conditions. Enhanced mineral weathering was shown for acidified and nonamended plots. Conclusions on trace metal migration were confirmed by selected analyses on subsurface horizons. Additional information was provided on specific element inputs via fertilizers and/or diffuse inputs via atmospheric deposition.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 19 Apr 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01771810v1
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[hal-02822313] Fate of organic pollutants after sewage sludge spreading on agricultural soils: a 30-years field-scale recording
Toxic organic compounds, such as the surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPE), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and residues derived from plastics (PAE-phthalates) end up in sewage sludge. In order to evaluate and quantify the potential environmental risks associated with the xenobiotic introduction into biological life cycle, the EU BIOWASTE project (QLK5-CT-2002-01138) devotes one task to the study of the fate of xenobiotic in a sandy soil after sludge spreading on a 30-year field-scale record experiment. Experimental maize crop fields from Bordeaux (France) have been amended with 100 tons per hectare each 2 years from 1974 to 1992. From 1992 to 2004, the fields were maintained and cropped with maize. This experiment shows that the concentration fluctuations in the sludge amended soil follow the same pattern of those in the sewage sludge showing that there is a real impact of the present xenobiotics in the sewage sludge on the concentration of the xenobiotics in the soil. Nonetheless, 12 years after the last addition of sewage sludge, the residual concentrations remain from 2 to 10 times higher than the content of the control soil, even though these levels are inferior to the Predicted Non Effect Concentration (PNEC). Only LAS level went back to the level in the control soil. However, only the LAS concentration is above the PNEC during all the experiment due to the very high level of LAS in the sludge (20 g/kg dry weight). These results show that even though this compound is much more degradable than NPE and PAE, it may have a long term effect in soil if high quantities are spread. To conclude, this study underlines the importance to fix maximum level for xenobiotic compounds for sewage sludge spreading on agricultural land, and also the central role of the sewage sludge processes in reducing the xenobiotic concentrations before spreading.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02822313v1
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[hal-01173771] The state of the soils in France in 2011 - A synthesis
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Véronique Antoni) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01173771v1
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[hal-01173741] L'état des sols de France
Ce livre met à la disposition d’un large public le premier état des lieux sur la qualité des sols de France métropolitaine et des Outre-mer. Il repose sur un important travail d’acquisition et d’exploitation de données réalisé par le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique Sol depuis 10 ans. Après avoir décrit les différentes fonctions des sols dans nos sociétés puis leur diversité, le cœur de l’ouvrage examine et synthétise les données acquises sur l’état chimique, biologique et physique des sols. Bien que subsistent encore de fortes incertitudes, cet état des lieux souligne les principales inquiétudes relatives à l’évolution de la qualité des sols mais met aussi en évidence certains points positifs. En effet, les sols sont le support des activités agricoles et sylvicoles et les garants de notre sécurité alimentaire. En interagissant avec les autres milieux, ils assurent des services essentiels à l’Homme et à l’environnement. Pourtant, ils restent encore largement méconnus, car leur présence est le plus souvent occultée par la végétation, les habitations ou les infrastructures qui les recouvrent. Or, les sols constituent une ressource naturelle dont la destruction est difficilement réversible et la réhabilitation très coûteuse. Leurs usages et leur devenir représentent un enjeu collectif majeur pour le développement durable. La connaissance de leur état et de son évolution est donc primordiale tant pour le maintien des activités humaines que pour la préservation de la qualité de notre environnement. Considérant « le sol » comme un enjeu insuffisamment connu, le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique sur les sols, le Gis Sol, a été créé en 2001 par plusieurs acteurs publics. Il contribue aujourd’hui par cette première synthèse nationale à l’amélioration des connaissances sur les sols et à leur plus large appropriation par les citoyens, les décideurs ou les aménageurs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Véronique Antoni) 13 Dec 2021
https://hal.science/hal-01173741v1
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[hal-02657473] Fate of organic pollutants after sewage sludge spreading on agricultural soils: a 30-years field-scale recording
Toxic organic compounds, such as the surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPE), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and residues derived from plastics (PAE-phthalates) end up in sewage sludge. In order to evaluate and quantify the potential environmental risks associated with the xenobiotic introduction into biological life cycle, the EU BIOWASTE project (QLK5-CT-2002-01138) devotes one task to the study of the fate of xenobiotic in a sandy soil after sludge spreading on a 30-year field-scale record experiment. Experimental maize crop fields from Bordeaux (France) have been amended with 100 tons per hectare each 2 years from 1974 to 1992. From 1992 to 2004, the fields were maintained and cropped with maize. This experiment shows that the concentration fluctuations in the sludge amended soil follow the same pattern of those in the sewage sludge showing that there is a real impact of the present xenobiotics in the sewage sludge on the concentration of the xenobiotics in the soil. Nonetheless, 12 years after the last addition of sewage sludge, the residual concentrations remain from 2 to 10 times higher than the content of the control soil, even though these levels are inferior to the Predicted Non Effect Concentration (PNEC). Only LAS level went back to the level in the control soil. However, only the LAS concentration is above the PNEC during all the experiment due to the very high level of LAS in the sludge (20 g/kg dry weight). These results show that even though this compound is much more degradable than NPE and PAE, it may have a long term effect in soil if high quantities are spread. To conclude, this study underlines the importance to fix maximum level for xenobiotic compounds for sewage sludge spreading on agricultural land, and also the central role of the sewage sludge processes in reducing the xenobiotic concentrations before spreading.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02657473v1
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[hal-02503457] Do climate and land use affect the pool of total silicon concentration? A digital soil mapping approach of French topsoils
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust after O. Its concentration in soils is highly variable from <1% to greater than 45%. Parent material is well known to be a major parameter for explaining this variability. In this study, we proposed to analyze the impact of climate and land use on the total Si concentration in soils and to explore the link between total Si and plant available Si (PAS). To do so, we based our analysis on the French soil monitoring network considering the upper soil horizon that was thought to be the most impacted by both the effect of land use and climate and was also the most important horizon in terms of plant availability. In order to extract the impact of climate and land use and for digital mapping purposes, we stratified the database by parent material and soil-types. This stratification was based on the classification used in the 1:100,000 French soil map and 1:100,000 French soil parent material map. For non carbonated soils, we showed that Si concentrations was decreasing with annual rainfall, evidencing a climatic effect on the total Si concentration of French topsoils. No significant effect of the land used could be identified. At last, we showed that PAS (by the CaCl2 method) is negatively weakly correlated to total Si concentration. This relationship is however variable among soil classes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amélia Landré) 10 Mar 2020
https://hal.science/hal-02503457v1
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[hal-02651109] Detecting, correcting and interpreting the biases of measured soil profile data: A case study in the Cap Bon Region (Tunisia)
The spatial sets of soil profiles that have been collected for these past 70 years over the world constitute a major source of soil information that are indispensable for operational applications of Digital Soil Mapping. However, significant biases between soil profile datasets issued from different soil surveys could occur because of differences in survey methods (field data collection, laboratory analysis, etc.) or in sampling dates. A pre-processing is therefore needed to detect and remove these biases and then obtain adequate inputs for digital soil-mapping models. Such a pre-processing of legacy soil profile datasets is proposed in this study. The procedure is applied to different sets of geo-referenced legacy soil profiles available in the Cap Bon Region (Northern Tunisia) and use a "reference" spatial sampling of soil surface data that fits with modern standards of soil analysis and was recently collected. The general approach includes three steps: i) define the comparison area (i.e. the intersection of the spatial samplings), ii) compare the distributions of soil profiles properties with the references using a conditional stochastic simulation algorithm and decide whether they are different iii) if needed, apply a correction algorithm to remove the detected biases. Various implementations of this approach were undertaken and tested on theoretical and real soil sampling.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rossano Ciampalini) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02651109v1
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[hal-01904542] Prediction of total silicon concentrations in French soils using pedotransfer functions from mid-infrared spectrum and pedological attributes
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element of the Earth's crust, and its terrestrial cycle depends on soil, vegetation, and human activities. The spatial extent of terrestrial Si perturbation is poorly documented since maps of Si concentration in soils are rare. In addition, Si content is rarely measured in non-paddy soil databases. Here we demonstrate that pedotransfer functions based on either pedological attributes (particle size fraction, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate and parent material) or mid infrared spectra (MIRS) can be used to accurately predict total Si concentration. In this research, we utilised a unique dataset from the French monitoring network of soil quality (RMQS - Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols) database. Pedotransfer functions were built using a regression tree model on a subset of the data for which total Si concentration was measured. To compare the relative performance of the models obtained for the two different sources of data, a suite of performance indicators were calculated. Our results showed that PTF based on MIR spectra produces highly accurate and precise estimates of the total Si concentration for French soils. The pedological PTF is less accurate, but still provides a good estimation of the Si concentration. The pedological PTF provides an alternative method when only basic soil data are available, and an approximate estimation of Si concentrations is sufficient. These PTFs can be readily applied at the European scale except on a few soil groups not represented in France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (A. Landré) 25 Oct 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01904542v1
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[hal-01600155] Occurrence and fate of xenobiotic in sewage sludge and in sludge-amended soils
Occurrence and fate of xenobiotic in sewage sludge and in sludge-amended soils. 15th SETAC Europe Annual Meeting
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01600155v1
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[hal-02647624] Prediction of soil organic and inorganic carbon contents at a national scale (France) using mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS)
This work aimed to evaluate the potential of mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) to predict soil organic and inorganic carbon contents with a 2086-sample set representative of French topsoils (0-30 cm). Ground air-dried samples collected regularly using a 16 x 16-km grid were analysed for total (dry combustion) and inorganic (calcimeter) carbon; organic carbon was calculated by difference. Calibrations of MIR spectra with partial least square regressions were developed with 10-80% of the set and five random selections of samples. Comparisons between samples with contrasting organic or inorganic carbon content and regression coefficients of calibration equations both showed that organic carbon was firstly associated with a wide spectral region around 2500-3500 cm-1 (which was a reflection of its complex nature), and inorganic carbon with narrow spectral bands, especially around 2520 cm-1. Optimal calibrations for both organic and inorganic carbon were achieved by using 20% of the total set: predictions were not improved much by including more of the set and were less stable, probably because of atypical samples. At the 20% rate, organic carbon predictions over the validation set (80% of the total) yielded mean R², standard error of prediction (SEP) and RPD (ratio of standard deviation to SEP) of 0.89, 6.7 g kg-1 and 3.0, respectively; inorganic carbon predictions yielded 0.97, 2.8 g kg-1 and 5.6, respectively. This seemed appropriate for large-scale soil inventories and mapping studies but not for accurate carbon monitoring, possibly because carbonate soils were included. More work is needed on organic carbon calibrations for large-scale soil libraries.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Clovis Grinand) 22 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02647624v1
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[hal-02828472] Hétérogénéités spatiales générées par l'enfouissement de produits résiduaires organiques à l'échelle du profil cultural: impacts sur la dynamique des micropolluants organiques et minéraux
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Benoit) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02828472v1
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[hal-02648758] Black carbon estimation in French calcareous soils using Chemo-Thermal Oxidation method
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giovanni G. Caria) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648758v1
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[hal-00755525] Earthworm indicators as tools for soil monitoring, characterization and risk assessment. An example from the national Bioindicator programme (France)
Considering the limited number of bioindicators available to assess soil quality, a national research programme was set up in France to develop such indicators (2006-2012), the "Bioindicator" programme. This programme tested 47 biological parameters (i.e. microorganisms, fauna, flora) including earthworms, in several sites differing in terms of land use, contamination type - PAHs or metals - and pollution levels. The present study proposes some study objectives for bioindicator approaches, based on the earthworm results from the programme. Therefore, different earthworm descriptors were tested at the community level (e.g. abundance, biomass, species and functional structures, and ecological traits) as well as the organism level (i.e. measuring the metallothionein coding gene expression level in earthworms). The present results, obtained from the programme's spring 2009 sampling campaign, discriminated among the different descriptors and showed that earthworm and endogeic abundance as well as the individual weight of endogeics seem to be good indicators in non-contaminated (cultivated) sites, while the ecological structure, namely the proportion of anecic vs. endogeic species, and the proportion of non-vulnerable species should be used as indicators of contaminated soils. Furthermore, the first results obtained for Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus rubellus are encouraging as they show that metallothionein expression increases in metal-contaminated soils. The relevance of these descriptors, which have to be considered in study objectives, requires the analysis of 2010 results.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guénola Pérès) 29 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-00755525v1
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[hal-02790190] Mise au point de modèles chimiométriques pour la caractérisation de sols à partir de mesures spectrales PIR effectuées au laboratoire et au champ
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard Barthès) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790190v1
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[hal-02790229] Inter-calibration de spectromètres NIRS pour la prédiction du Carbone et de l’Azote dans les sols
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard Barthès) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790229v1
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[hal-01019435] Dealing with below quantification limit data in geostatistical analyses
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Orton) 07 Jul 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01019435v1
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[hal-02785832] Mise au point de modèles chimiométriques pour la caractérisation de sols à partir de mesures spectrales PIR effectuées au laboratoire et au champ
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard Barthès) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02785832v1
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[hal-03641108] Assessment of an NDL-PCBs Sequestration Strategy in Soil Using Contrasted Carbonaceous Materials through In Vitro and Cucurbita pepo Assays
Featured Application A sequestration-based remediation strategy using several types of carbonaceous amendments and its potential to reduce transfer to plants. The present study aims to assess the respective efficiency of Biochars (BCs) and activated carbons (ACs) to limit PCB 101, 138, 153 and 180 transfer to plants. A set of 6 high carbon materials comprising 3 BCs and 3 ACs was tested and used to amend a soil at 2% rate. Then, the two most efficient carbonaceous materials were used as an amendment of an historically contaminated soil sampled in the St Cyprien vicinity (Loire, France). An environmental availability assessment was performed using the ISO/DIS 16751 Part A assay (n = 3). For the in vivo part, Cucurbita pepo were grown for 12 weeks. Significant decreases of transfer were found for both assays notably for powdered ACs (up to 98%). By contrast, significantly lower levels of transfer reduction were observed when BCs amendments were performed, ranging from 27 to 80% for environmental availability assessment and 0 to 36% for C. pepo. Reduction factors above 90% for the 2 selected materials were found from amended historically contaminated soils. Present results led to consider such a sequestering strategy as valuable to ensure plant production on non-dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (NDL-PCBs) contaminated soils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Séverine Piutti) 14 Apr 2022
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-03641108v1
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[hal-03818090] PIEGEAge des Composés Halogénés Lipophiles Organiques Rémanents (PIEGEACHLOR)
Le projet Piegeachlor s'est donné pour objectif de réduire la disponibilité des plusieurs familles de contaminants organochlorés retrouvés dans les sols. Les contaminants étudiés sont les polychlorobiphényles, les polychloro-dibenzodioxines et furanes, ainsi que la chlordécone. L'hypothèse initiale du projet était que des matrices carbonées issues de pyrolyse de ligneux telles que des biochars pouvaient jouer un rôle de séquestration. Les propriétés de séquestration ont été testées en mobilisant plusieurs méthodologies. La première est basée sur une approche in vitro, qualifiant la disponibilité environnementale. Elle simule la capacité d'un milieu aqueux à désorber les polluants. Les autres utilisaient un biote cible (ver, radis, courgette, poule) pour déterminer la biodisponibilité relative de chacun des contaminants en fonction de la matrice carbonée utilisée. Ces approches ont été appliquées d'abord sur des sols artificiels de type OCDE avec de la tourbe comme matière organique endogène. Après une sélection des matrices carbonées les plus performantes en termes de séquestration, une partie des tests précédemment décrits a été appliquée sur des sols naturels prélevés en métropole (Saint-Cyprien) et en Martinique (Morne-Rouge, Trinité), respectivement contaminé en PCB+PCDD/F et en CLD. Des essais d'innocuité de l'amendement ont également été menés.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giovanni Caria) 17 Oct 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03818090v1
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[hal-02767859] Evaluation of soil, air and water impacts of urban compost use in agriculture
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sabine Houot) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02767859v1
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[hal-04181805] First glance of French soil contamination by pesticide residues and the interest for broad-scale monitoring
The intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture raised concerns about their environmental fate and impacts on the ecosystems. If the monitoring of those substances in water bodies has been established in Europe since the 2000&#8217;s, knowledge of soil contamination by such residues is scarce. However, the few studies addressing this issue pointed out the widespread occurrence of pesticides in soils and the risk they can pose for soil biodiversity. This study investigated 111 currently used pesticides in 47 soils sampled across France, mostly from arable lands but also from forest and grasslands theoretically exempted of pesticides applications. The sampling strategy was based on the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network (Jolivet et al., 2022) to evaluate the feasibility of using an existing network for pesticides monitoring in soils. The results demonstrated the widespread contamination of almost all soils samples by residues, including untreated areas such as forests and permanent grasslands. Up to 33 different substances in one soil sample were detected, at concentrations leading to a medium to high ecotoxicological risk for earthworms in arable lands. Several frequently detected residues have never been reported in the literature so far or were found at much lower detection rates. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application records provided by the farmers revealed the unexpected presence of some substance in sites where they were not applied and a longer than expected persistence of several compounds. These findings question the fate of currently used pesticides in the environment under current agricultural practices and advocate for the monitoring of pesticides in soils at broad scales. Filling the knowledge gap of pesticide presence in soil is necessary to understand the contamination of other environmental compartments and prevent their contamination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 16 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04181805v1
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[hal-04412728] Projet Phytosol Résidus de pesticides dans les sols français : présence, risques et persistance
À la différence de ce qui est fait pour les milieux aquatiques et l'atmosphère, la surveillance de la contamination des sols par les pesticides n'existe pas à l'échelle du territoire. Or, des travaux récents de chercheurs INRAE, en collaboration avec l'université de Bordeaux, montrent qu'un grand nombre de substances, en quantité importante, y persistent sous forme de résidus. Des résultats parus dans la revue Environmental Science & Technology.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 26 Jan 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04412728v1
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[hal-04658071] First glance of french soil contamination by pesticide residues and the need for broad-scale monitoring
The intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture raised concerns about their environmental fate and impacts on the ecosystems. If the monitoring of those substances in water bodies has been established in Europe since the 2000’s, knowledge of soil contamination by such residues is scarce. However, the few studies addressing this issue pointed out the widespread occurrence of pesticides in soils and the risk they can pose for soil biodiversity. This study investigated 111 currently used pesticides in 47 soils sampled across France, mostly from arable lands but also from forest and grasslands theoretically exempted of pesticides applications. The sampling strategy was based on the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network to evaluate the feasibility of using an existing network for pesticides monitoring in soils. The results demonstrated the widespread contamination of almost all soils samples by residues, including untreated areas such as forests and permanent grasslands. Up to 33 different substances in one soil sample were detected, at concentrations leading to a medium to high ecotoxicological risk for earthworms in arable lands. Several frequently detected residues have never been reported in the literature so far or were found at much lower detection rates. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application records provided by the farmers revealed the unexpected presence of some substance in sites where they were not applied and a longer than expected persistence of several compounds. These findings question the fate of currently used pesticides in the environment under current agricultural practices and advocate for the monitoring of pesticides in soils at broad scales. Filling the knowledge gap of pesticide presence in soil is necessary to understand the contamination of other environmental compartments and prevent their contamination. Therefore, there is a clear need to integrate pesticide analysis in national soil monitoring programs to evaluate contamination levels, which will be conducted in France. This monitoring will include both target and non-target analyses to identify all the potential molecules in soil.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04658071v1
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[hal-02771559] Constitution d'un référentiel pédo-géochimique en région Nord - Pas de Calais
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02771559v1
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[hal-01818267] Amendment of soil by biochars and activated carbons to reduce chlordecone bioavailability in piglets
Chlordecone (Kepone or CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in French West Indies. Nowadays high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils which represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals. In that context, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) are believed to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such compounds when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends to test the respective efficiency of soil amendment strategies using commercial ACs or biochars (obtained by a 500°C or 700°C pyrolysis of 4 distinct type of wood). This study involved three experimental steps. The first one characterized specific surface areas of biochars and ACs. The second one assessed CLD-availability of contaminated artificial soils (50 µg.g-1 of Dry Matter) amended with 5% of biochar or AC (mass basis). The third one assessed CLD bioavailability of those artificial soils through an in vivo assay. To limit ethically the number of animals, selections of the most promising media were performed between each experimental steps. Forty four castrated male 40-day-old piglets were exposed during 10 day to amended artificial soils according their group (n=4). Only treatment groups exposed through amended soil with AC presented a significant decrease of concentrations of CLD in liver and adipose tissue in comparison with the control group (p<0.001). A non-significant decrease was obtained by amending artificial soil with biochars. This decrease was particularly high for a coconut shell activated carbon were relative bioavailability was found lower than 3.2% for both tissues. This study leads to conclude that AC introduced in CLD contaminated soil should strongly reduce CLD bioavailability.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Matthieu Delannoy) 10 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-01818267v1
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[hal-02659648] Location of trace elements in unpolluted soils by a combined method.
A sequential extraction procedure was combined with physical fractionation and mineralogy to determine the distribution of trace elements (TE) among the different phases of a poorly weathered sample. It was first fractionated into five particle-size fractions. Two of these were selected for sequential extractions on the basis of their contrasting mineralogical compositions. A five-step sequential extraction scheme was employed. The studied sample is mostly composed of hornblende, quartz, and feldspars. Early weathering has already occurred, resulting in the formation of smectite and oxides. Sequential extractions show that the studied elements are mostly associated with the residual phases. Hornblende was the main TE bearer of the primary minerals, whereas TEs released through weathering precipitated in both smectite and oxides. Oxides were found to scavenge copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) more efficiently than smectite. Copper and nickel (Ni) were more concentrated in smectite than in hornblende.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659648v1
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[hal-02666811] Consequences of aggregation for the trace element distribution in the subsoil of a Planosol naturally rich in trace-metal
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02666811v1
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[hal-04314240] In vitro exposure to triazoles used as fungicides impairs human granulosa cells steroidogenesis
Triazoles are the main components of fungicides used in conventional agriculture. Some data suggests that they may be endocrine disruptors. Here, we found five triazoles, prothioconazole, metconazole, difenoconazole, tetraconazole, and cyproconazole, in soil or water from the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. We then studied their effects from 0.001 µM to 1000 µM for 48 h on the steroidogenesis and cytotoxicity of ovarian cells from patients in this region and the human granulosa line KGN. In addition, the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) nuclear receptor in KGN cells was studied. Overall, all triazoles reduced the secretion of progesterone, estradiol, or both at doses that were non-cytotoxic but higher than those found in the environment. This was mainly associated, depending on the triazole, with a decrease in the expression of CYP51, STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, or HSD3B proteins, or a combination thereof, in hGCs and KGN cells and an increase in AHR in KGN cells.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïse Serra) 29 Nov 2023
https://brgm.hal.science/hal-04314240v1
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[hal-02698746] Le suivi de la qualité des sols en France, la contribution de l'Observatoire de la Qualité des Sols
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Martin) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02698746v1
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[hal-02771186] The French National "Soil Quality Observatory
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Martin) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02771186v1
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[hal-02659029] Mapping of anthropogenic trace elements inputs in agricultural topsoil from Northern France using enrichment factors
Anthropogenic trace element contamination of soils in the densely populated and industrialized Nord-Pas de Calais region (France) was quantified using enrichment factors (EFs). Total concentrations of Al and 18 trace elements (As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, In, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, and Zn) were determined in 252 sampling sites both in topsoil and deep horizons of soils developed from sedimentary materials. Thus, at each sampling site an enrichment factor was computed for each of the 18 trace elements as the ratio between total concentrations of the trace element in topsoil and deep horizons in the same soil pit, normalized by concentrations of Al measured in the same horizons and the same pit. To estimate EF values at unsampled locations and then to assess the spatial magnitude of anthropogenic trace element contamination over the whole study area (12400 km(2)), variography analysis was used to quantify the spatial structure of each EF. Results have shown that values of 8 EFs are spatially correlated. These EFs were thus mapped using the sequential Gaussian simulation technique. One hundred horizon samples from 50 supplementary sites were analysed for the structured trace elements and Al contents and used for the mapping validation. Results of the validation based on the accuracy plots and goodness statistics (G and D) allowed us to conclude that EF maps exhibited high certainty in regard to the validation data set. In addition, results have shown that E-type estimates were accurate when they are used to estimate the measured EF value of the validation data set. Accordingly, these maps were used to discuss the origin of patches of surface horizon enrichment displaying an exogenous input of the trace elements investigated. The whole study area under discussion is strongly enriched with cadmium, originating from both industrial and agricultural activities. Surface horizons also exhibit locally high levels of Pb and Zn enrichment, mainly around well-known former or current industrial sites. However. Pb and Zn enriched surface horizons are far less widespread than those enriched in Cd. Higher Cu, Bi and Sn EF values were observed in the northern part of the region studied than in the southern part. The dissimilarity underlined a rather diffuse contamination from the urbanized zone in the north to the rural zone in the south of the region. The enrichment of surface horizons by In and Tl seems insignificant. Some unstructured EFs were attributes to point-source enrichments.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hocine Bourennane) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659029v1
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[hal-01688916] Subcellular partitioning of metals in Aporrectodea caliginosa along a gradient of metal exposure in 31 field-contaminated soils
Subcellular fractionation of metals in organisms was proposed as a better way to characterize metal bioaccumulation. Here we report the impact of a laboratory exposure to a wide range of field-metal contaminated soils on the subcellular partitioning of metals in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Soils moderately contaminated were chosen to create a gradient of soil metal availability; covering ranges of both soil metal contents and of several soil parameters. Following exposure, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined both in total earthworm body and in three subcellular compartments: cytosolic, granular and debris fractions. Three distinct proxies of soil metal availability were investigated: CaCl2-extractable content dissolved content predicted by a semi-mechanistic model and free ion concentration predicted by a geochemical speciation model. Subcellular partitionings of Cd and Pb were modified along the gradient of metal exposure, while stable Zn partitioning reflected regulation processes. Cd subcellular distribution responded more strongly to increasing soil Cd concentration than the total internal content, when Pb subcellular distribution and total internal content were similarly affected. Free ion concentrations were better descriptors of Cd and Pb subcellular distribution than CaCl2 extractable and dissolved metal concentrations. However, free ion concentrations and soil total metal contents were equivalent descriptors of the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Pb because they were highly correlated. Considering lowly contaminated soils, our results raise the question of the added value of three proxies of metal availability compared to soil total metal content in the assessment of metal bioavailability to earthworm.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Beaumelle) 19 Jan 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01688916v1
