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[hal-01904542] Prediction of total silicon concentrations in French soils using pedotransfer functions from mid-infrared spectrum and pedological attributes
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element of the Earth's crust, and its terrestrial cycle depends on soil, vegetation, and human activities. The spatial extent of terrestrial Si perturbation is poorly documented since maps of Si concentration in soils are rare. In addition, Si content is rarely measured in non-paddy soil databases. Here we demonstrate that pedotransfer functions based on either pedological attributes (particle size fraction, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate and parent material) or mid infrared spectra (MIRS) can be used to accurately predict total Si concentration. In this research, we utilised a unique dataset from the French monitoring network of soil quality (RMQS - Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols) database. Pedotransfer functions were built using a regression tree model on a subset of the data for which total Si concentration was measured. To compare the relative performance of the models obtained for the two different sources of data, a suite of performance indicators were calculated. Our results showed that PTF based on MIR spectra produces highly accurate and precise estimates of the total Si concentration for French soils. The pedological PTF is less accurate, but still provides a good estimation of the Si concentration. The pedological PTF provides an alternative method when only basic soil data are available, and an approximate estimation of Si concentrations is sufficient. These PTFs can be readily applied at the European scale except on a few soil groups not represented in France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (A. Landré) 25 Oct 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01904542v1
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[hal-05620675] Challenges of monitoring contaminants in soils: insights from the French experience
Soil pollution is one of the major threats upon soil health. However, the main knowledge of the extent and the diversity of contaminants in soils has been obtained during the last years and there is still a big knowledge gap. If the most campaigns were focusing on trace elements or well-known organic contaminants such as PAH or PCB, the bigger challenge lies ahead when looking at emerging contaminants such as PFAS, pesticides or microplastics. The recent EU directive on soil monitoring might be an opportunity to tackle these knowledge gaps about diffuse soil contamination and the risk they may pose along with a better distribution of the knowledge across countries. This presentation aims to showcase what has been done the last 20 years in France regarding soil contaminants, and specifically since 2020 about trace elements, organic contaminants but also pesticides and microplastics and what are the challenges going-on. Major results and lessons from these monitoring in France could be used when building the European monitoring to ensure the most efficient choices to advice and answer policy questions and enlighten decisions regarding contaminants.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 12 May 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05620675v1
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[hal-01818267] Amendment of soil by biochars and activated carbons to reduce chlordecone bioavailability in piglets
Chlordecone (Kepone or CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in French West Indies. Nowadays high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils which represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals. In that context, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) are believed to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such compounds when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends to test the respective efficiency of soil amendment strategies using commercial ACs or biochars (obtained by a 500°C or 700°C pyrolysis of 4 distinct type of wood). This study involved three experimental steps. The first one characterized specific surface areas of biochars and ACs. The second one assessed CLD-availability of contaminated artificial soils (50 µg.g-1 of Dry Matter) amended with 5% of biochar or AC (mass basis). The third one assessed CLD bioavailability of those artificial soils through an in vivo assay. To limit ethically the number of animals, selections of the most promising media were performed between each experimental steps. Forty four castrated male 40-day-old piglets were exposed during 10 day to amended artificial soils according their group (n=4). Only treatment groups exposed through amended soil with AC presented a significant decrease of concentrations of CLD in liver and adipose tissue in comparison with the control group (p<0.001). A non-significant decrease was obtained by amending artificial soil with biochars. This decrease was particularly high for a coconut shell activated carbon were relative bioavailability was found lower than 3.2% for both tissues. This study leads to conclude that AC introduced in CLD contaminated soil should strongly reduce CLD bioavailability.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Matthieu Delannoy) 10 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-01818267v1
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[hal-01688916] Subcellular partitioning of metals in Aporrectodea caliginosa along a gradient of metal exposure in 31 field-contaminated soils
Subcellular fractionation of metals in organisms was proposed as a better way to characterize metal bioaccumulation. Here we report the impact of a laboratory exposure to a wide range of field-metal contaminated soils on the subcellular partitioning of metals in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Soils moderately contaminated were chosen to create a gradient of soil metal availability; covering ranges of both soil metal contents and of several soil parameters. Following exposure, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined both in total earthworm body and in three subcellular compartments: cytosolic, granular and debris fractions. Three distinct proxies of soil metal availability were investigated: CaCl2-extractable content dissolved content predicted by a semi-mechanistic model and free ion concentration predicted by a geochemical speciation model. Subcellular partitionings of Cd and Pb were modified along the gradient of metal exposure, while stable Zn partitioning reflected regulation processes. Cd subcellular distribution responded more strongly to increasing soil Cd concentration than the total internal content, when Pb subcellular distribution and total internal content were similarly affected. Free ion concentrations were better descriptors of Cd and Pb subcellular distribution than CaCl2 extractable and dissolved metal concentrations. However, free ion concentrations and soil total metal contents were equivalent descriptors of the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Pb because they were highly correlated. Considering lowly contaminated soils, our results raise the question of the added value of three proxies of metal availability compared to soil total metal content in the assessment of metal bioavailability to earthworm.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Beaumelle) 19 Jan 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01688916v1
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[hal-00829418] Assessing the in situ bioavailability of trace elements to snails using accumulation kinetics.
In this study, the accumulation kinetics of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and antimony(Sb) were determined for 3 industrially impacted sites to assess the bioavailability of these contaminantsto the garden snail (Cantareus aspersus). Mono and multivariate regressions allowed the identificationof cation exchange capacity (CEC), silts and organic carbon content as the soil parameters modulatingthe in situ bioavailability of Cd and Pb. For all elements, the total concentrations in the soils were notgood predictor (not significant correlation) of the bioavailability to snails. The Cd, As and Sb assimilationfluxes were correlated with the calcium chloride (CaCl2) extract concentrations, but this correlationwas not observed with Pb. The total soil concentration coupled with soil properties best explained thevariation in Pb assimilation, whereas their influences on Cd bioavailability were lower, signifying thatother parameters such as contamination sources may modulate Cd bioavailability. Here, the As and Sbin situ accumulation kinetics are described for the first time and highlighted a slight bioavailability tosnails at the studied sites. The absence of a correlation between the As or Sb assimilation fluxes andtotal metals in the soil coupled with the absence of influence of soil properties on their bioavailabilitymay result from the speciation of these metalloids, which are known to modulate their mobility in soils.This study highlights the need to consider both physico-chemical and biological aspects of metal andmetalloid bioavailability to assess the risk of metal transfer from soil to organisms.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Benjamin Pauget) 03 Jun 2013
https://hal.science/hal-00829418v1
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[hal-04314240] In vitro exposure to triazoles used as fungicides impairs human granulosa cells steroidogenesis
Triazoles are the main components of fungicides used in conventional agriculture. Some data suggests that they may be endocrine disruptors. Here, we found five triazoles, prothioconazole, metconazole, difenoconazole, tetraconazole, and cyproconazole, in soil or water from the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. We then studied their effects from 0.001 µM to 1000 µM for 48 h on the steroidogenesis and cytotoxicity of ovarian cells from patients in this region and the human granulosa line KGN. In addition, the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) nuclear receptor in KGN cells was studied. Overall, all triazoles reduced the secretion of progesterone, estradiol, or both at doses that were non-cytotoxic but higher than those found in the environment. This was mainly associated, depending on the triazole, with a decrease in the expression of CYP51, STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, or HSD3B proteins, or a combination thereof, in hGCs and KGN cells and an increase in AHR in KGN cells.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïse Serra) 29 Nov 2023
https://brgm.hal.science/hal-04314240v1
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[hal-04414506] The epoxiconazole and tebuconazole fungicides impair granulosa cells functions partly through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling with contrasted effects in obese, normo-weight and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), frequently associated to obesity, is the main reproductive disorder in women in age to procreate. Some evidence suggests that pesticides can result in alterations of the female reproductive system, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Here, we detected two fungicides, Tebuconazole (Tb) and Epoxiconazole (Epox) in the soils and waters of French area. Our hypothesis is that these two triazoles could be associated to the etiology of PCOS. We used the human KGN cell line and primary human granulosa cells (hGCs) from different group of patients: normal weight non PCOS (NW), normal weight PCOS (PCOS NW), obese (obese) and obese PCOS (PCOS obese). We exposed in vitro these cells to Tb and Epox from 0 up to 10 mM for 24 and 48 h and analysed cell viability and steroidogenesis. In hGCs NW, cell viability was reduced from 12.5 µM for Tb and 75 µM for Epox. In hGCs NW, Epox decreased progesterone (Pg) and estradiol (E2) secretions and inhibited STAR, HSD3B and CYP19A1 mRNA expressions from 25 µM and increased AHR mRNA expression from 75 µM. Tb exposure also reduced steroid secretion and STAR and CYP19A1 mRNA expressions and increased AHR mRNA expression but at cytotoxic concentrations. Silencing of AHR in KGN cells reduced inhibitory effects of Tb and Epox on steroid secretion. Tb and Epox exposure decreased more steroid secretion in hGCs from obese, PCOS NW and PCOS obese groups than in NW group. Moreover, we found a higher gene expression of AHR within these three groups. Taken together, both Epox and Tb reduced steroidogenesis in hGCs through partly AHR and Tb was more cytotoxic than Epox. These triazoles alter more strongly PCOS and/or obese hGCs suggesting that human with reproductive disorders are more sensitive to triazoles exposure.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïse Serra) 24 Jan 2024
https://brgm.hal.science/hal-04414506v1
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[hal-04162098] Intérêt de la normalisation de méthodes pour la recherche publique et la société
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christian Mougin) 14 Jul 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04162098v1
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[hal-04181805] First glance of French soil contamination by pesticide residues and the interest for broad-scale monitoring
The intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture raised concerns about their environmental fate and impacts on the ecosystems. If the monitoring of those substances in water bodies has been established in Europe since the 2000&#8217;s, knowledge of soil contamination by such residues is scarce. However, the few studies addressing this issue pointed out the widespread occurrence of pesticides in soils and the risk they can pose for soil biodiversity. This study investigated 111 currently used pesticides in 47 soils sampled across France, mostly from arable lands but also from forest and grasslands theoretically exempted of pesticides applications. The sampling strategy was based on the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network (Jolivet et al., 2022) to evaluate the feasibility of using an existing network for pesticides monitoring in soils. The results demonstrated the widespread contamination of almost all soils samples by residues, including untreated areas such as forests and permanent grasslands. Up to 33 different substances in one soil sample were detected, at concentrations leading to a medium to high ecotoxicological risk for earthworms in arable lands. Several frequently detected residues have never been reported in the literature so far or were found at much lower detection rates. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application records provided by the farmers revealed the unexpected presence of some substance in sites where they were not applied and a longer than expected persistence of several compounds. These findings question the fate of currently used pesticides in the environment under current agricultural practices and advocate for the monitoring of pesticides in soils at broad scales. Filling the knowledge gap of pesticide presence in soil is necessary to understand the contamination of other environmental compartments and prevent their contamination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 16 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04181805v1
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[cea-02632508] En direct de l’essai patrimonial des 42 parcelles d’INRAE à Versailles : impacts de fertilisations centenaires en profondeur du NEOLUVISOL de lœss
Après l’étude d’évolutions pédologiques et géochimiques dans l’horizon de surface (van Oort et al., 2016, 2017a), ce nouveau volet du projet de valorisation du dispositif des 42 parcelles de l’Inra de Versailles présente les effets d’apports continus de matières fertilisantes à l’échelle du solum, pour une dizaine de traitements : ammoniacaux, engrais-Na et/ou K, phosphatés, CaCO$_3$, fumier et témoins. Pour chaque traitement, les profils de teneur en éléments (0-120 cm) ont été comparés avec le bilan 1929-2014 en surface (0-25 cm), afin de raisonner la pertinence d’études des impacts d’activités anthropiques, restreintes à l’horizon de surface. En l’absence de végétation, 85 ans de traitements ont profondément marqué les sols : l’engrais ammoniacal provoque une forte baisse du pH, la décalcification et une forte aluminisation, parfois jusqu’à 1 m. Sous traitements alcalinisants, le pH est ≥ 8 et la CEC est quasi-saturée en Ca sur toute la profondeur. L’apport d’engrais sodiques et/ou potassiques peut affecter le complexe d’échange jusque dans le matériau parental ; les allures des profils de teneurs en argile évoluent de valeurs minimales en surface pour devenir maximales dans l’horizon BT, traduisant ainsi l’effet d’amplification du lessivage d’argile par les engrais Na/K.Quant aux éléments en trace métalliques (ETM), leurs profils de concentration corroborent en général les hypothèses de transfert en profondeur, formulées à partir des bilans géochimiques établis en surface (van Oort et al., 2017a) : i) accumulations distinctes de Cd, Mn et Co sous engrais ammoniacaux, et de Mo sous apport de CaCO$_3$, ii) allures analogues de profils de concentration en Fe, Sc et Tl et celle des teneurs en argile sous apport d’engrais Na et K, iii) allures de profils de concentration évoluant rapidement de valeurs minimales à maximales entre la surface et l’horizon BT pour Mg et Ni dans les traitements ‘acides’ et ‘monovalents’, confirmant leur mobilisation à la fois sous l’effet du pH et par lessivage. Cependant, sous apport de fumier, le profil de concentration de Mo témoigne de sa forte accumulation en profondeur, non-visible par le bilan Mo en surface ; sous scories, malgré un bilan positif de Mo en surface, l’ampleur de son accumulation en profondeur surprend. Quant au Cd, les apports par les scories ou le superphosphate restent confinés en surface. Par contre, sous apport de (NH$_4$)$_2$HPO$_4$, environ 2,6 kg/ha de Cd sont transférés en profondeur. Une telle quantité équivaut à la totalité de Cd apporté par l’engrais en 85 ans. Dans le traitement (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$, la quasi-totalité du fond pédogéochimique local en Cd a été exportée des 50 premiers cm du sol et transférée entre 70 et 100 cm.Ce travail atteste des aspects originaux et spectaculaires d’impacts cumulés au cours de la fertilisation prolongée sur la composition des sols, sous l’horizon de bêchage. Il souligne l’intérêt de considérer le solum pour une évaluation optimale des risques liés aux activités anthropiques. Dès lors, nos résultats appellent à d’avantage d’expertise en pédologie dans les programmes de recherches environnementales, qui se limitent aujourd’hui trop souvent à des approches analytiques sur des échantillons collectés en surface des sols.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 27 May 2020
https://cea.hal.science/cea-02632508v1
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[hal-03200468] Spatial variations, origins, and risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in French soils
Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants produced by anthropogenic activities that contaminate all environmental spheres, including soils. This study focused on PAHs measured in 2154 soils in France, covering the entire territory based on a regular sampling grid. The quantified concentrations in the Σ15PAHs ranged from 5.1 to 31200 µg · kg−1, with a median value of 32.6 µg · kg−1, and PAHs were detected in 70 % of the soil samples. The map of Σ15PAHs concentrations revealed strong spatial variations in soil contamination throughout France, with larger concentrations in soils of industrial regions and near major cities. PAHs molecular diagnostic ratios supports the historical origin of PAHs in the northern part of France being linked to the significant emissions of PAHs in Europe during the industrial period of 1850–1950 with in particular the contribution of coal/biomass combustion and iron-steel production. A health risk assessment conducted for the residential population resulted in a median value of 1.07 × 10−8 in total lifetime cancer risk, with only 20 sites above the limit of 10−6 and one above the limit of 10−5 adopted by the French government. These results reveal the need to conduct large-scale studies on soil contamination to determine the fate of PAHs and evaluate the risks induced by soil pollution at a country-level scale.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 16 Apr 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03200468v1
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[hal-04062785] Can long-term fertilization accelerate pedogenesis? Depicting soil processes boosted by annual NPK-inputs since 1928 on bare loess Luvisol (INRAE-Versailles)
Human activities worldwide menace beneficial soil ecosystem services, but long-term anthropogenic impacts on soil properties and processes are often difficult to assess in field conditions. Here we exploited INRAE's patrimonial '42-plots' bare-fallow experiment, an unique long term experiment in the world created in 1928 in Versailles (France), to emphasize long-term impacts of annual inputs of NPK fertilizers (ammonium, phosphate, potassium salts) and basic amendments (lime, basic slag) on loess Luvisols. We selected plots receiving monovalent (Na+, K+), acid (NH4+), basic (Ca2+) and non-amended (reference) plots, thus embracing the today widely diverging physicochemical surface soils conditions. Temporal changes of soil characteristics were studied on historical archived topsoil samples, whereas soil-depth impacts were studied on samples from subsurface horizons collected in 2015 until 120-cm depth. Bare-fallow management caused a rapid organic matter (OM) decay, soil acidification, CEC reduction and lixiviation of cations. With reduced OM-buffering capacities, specific fertilizer-induced physicochemical conditions enhanced the development of several soil-forming processes. NH(4)fertilizers amplified soil acidification (pH < 4), lixiviation (i.e. 1.5 kg m 2 of Ca), aluminization of the exchange complex, and weathering of ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase feldspars. Under (NH4)(2)HPO4 fertilization, a quasi-total dissolution of chlorite and hornblende occurred, pointing to an acidocomplexolysis process in which the PO43- anion likely plays the role of complexing organic acids in Podzols. Ammonium fertilizers also affected E, B and C horizons. In reference plots, similar but lower effects remained restricted to the surface horizon. Na/Kfertilizers favoured substantial clay translocation (i.e. 10-15 kg m(-2)) from the Ap to underlying E and E/Bt horizons. Liming amendments counteracted acidifying effects of OM-depletion, and raised the pH to 8-8.5 and exchangeable Ca to >95%. It may be clear that the initial design specifications do not allow a direct comparison with current conditions of agricultural soils. However, in the view of global climate change, foreseeing a lowering of organic carbon contents in soils, the 42-plots trial acts like an "alert launcher", forecasting risks of soil degradation with respect to mineral soil phases, parameters and processes, generally buffered and masked by the presence of organic matter. The 42-plots experiment forms a high-valued playing field for experimental research, offering a unique centennial time-span of differing physicochemical properties in a soil context with close initial pedogenetic connexion.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04062785v1
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[hal-04412728] Projet Phytosol Résidus de pesticides dans les sols français : présence, risques et persistance
À la différence de ce qui est fait pour les milieux aquatiques et l'atmosphère, la surveillance de la contamination des sols par les pesticides n'existe pas à l'échelle du territoire. Or, des travaux récents de chercheurs INRAE, en collaboration avec l'université de Bordeaux, montrent qu'un grand nombre de substances, en quantité importante, y persistent sous forme de résidus. Des résultats parus dans la revue Environmental Science & Technology.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 26 Jan 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04412728v1
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[hal-02534172] Improvement in spectral library-based quantification of soil properties using representative spiking and local calibration – The case of soil inorganic carbon prediction by mid-infrared spectroscopy
Mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) is time- and cost-effective. It was used for quantifying soil inorganic carbon (SIC) concentration in France based on a national library, and performances were evaluated on an independent regional set. Our objective was to improve the accuracy of MIRS predictions based on common multivariate regression, through spiking (enrichment of the national library with some representative target samples) with possible extra-weighting (replication of spiking samples) and local calibration (only using calibration samples that are spectral neighbours of each target samples), which have not been fully explored yet, in combination especially.Global (i.e. common) calibration yielded accurate prediction (standard error of prediction, SEP, was ≈ 5 g kg−1), which could be improved when the library was completed with spiking samples (optimally 10 samples extra-weighted 40 times; SEP = 3.3 g kg−1). Using spiking samples only (without the library) yielded slightly less accurate results (SEP = 3.6 g kg−1). Prediction was more accurate using local calibration without spiking, but on a validation set that was reduced because some validation samples lacked calibration neighbours (SEP = 2.5–2.7 g kg−1). Local calibration with spiking (optimally 10 samples without extra-weight) yielded somewhat less accurate prediction but for the full validation set when few calibration neighbours were required (SEP = 2.7 g kg−1), or higher accuracy on the reduced validation set when many neighbours were required (SEP = 2.3 g kg−1).These accurate predictions demonstrated the usefulness of representative spiking and local calibration for rendering large soil spectral libraries fully operational, while extra-weighting had no additional benefit. Along with more exhaustive spectral libraries, this paves the way for extensive use of MIRS for SIC determination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard G. Barthès) 20 May 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02534172v1
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[hal-04658071] First glance of french soil contamination by pesticide residues and the need for broad-scale monitoring
The intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture raised concerns about their environmental fate and impacts on the ecosystems. If the monitoring of those substances in water bodies has been established in Europe since the 2000’s, knowledge of soil contamination by such residues is scarce. However, the few studies addressing this issue pointed out the widespread occurrence of pesticides in soils and the risk they can pose for soil biodiversity. This study investigated 111 currently used pesticides in 47 soils sampled across France, mostly from arable lands but also from forest and grasslands theoretically exempted of pesticides applications. The sampling strategy was based on the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network to evaluate the feasibility of using an existing network for pesticides monitoring in soils. The results demonstrated the widespread contamination of almost all soils samples by residues, including untreated areas such as forests and permanent grasslands. Up to 33 different substances in one soil sample were detected, at concentrations leading to a medium to high ecotoxicological risk for earthworms in arable lands. Several frequently detected residues have never been reported in the literature so far or were found at much lower detection rates. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application records provided by the farmers revealed the unexpected presence of some substance in sites where they were not applied and a longer than expected persistence of several compounds. These findings question the fate of currently used pesticides in the environment under current agricultural practices and advocate for the monitoring of pesticides in soils at broad scales. Filling the knowledge gap of pesticide presence in soil is necessary to understand the contamination of other environmental compartments and prevent their contamination. Therefore, there is a clear need to integrate pesticide analysis in national soil monitoring programs to evaluate contamination levels, which will be conducted in France. This monitoring will include both target and non-target analyses to identify all the potential molecules in soil.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04658071v1
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[hal-02503457] Do climate and land use affect the pool of total silicon concentration? A digital soil mapping approach of French topsoils
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust after O. Its concentration in soils is highly variable from <1% to greater than 45%. Parent material is well known to be a major parameter for explaining this variability. In this study, we proposed to analyze the impact of climate and land use on the total Si concentration in soils and to explore the link between total Si and plant available Si (PAS). To do so, we based our analysis on the French soil monitoring network considering the upper soil horizon that was thought to be the most impacted by both the effect of land use and climate and was also the most important horizon in terms of plant availability. In order to extract the impact of climate and land use and for digital mapping purposes, we stratified the database by parent material and soil-types. This stratification was based on the classification used in the 1:100,000 French soil map and 1:100,000 French soil parent material map. For non carbonated soils, we showed that Si concentrations was decreasing with annual rainfall, evidencing a climatic effect on the total Si concentration of French topsoils. No significant effect of the land used could be identified. At last, we showed that PAS (by the CaCl2 method) is negatively weakly correlated to total Si concentration. This relationship is however variable among soil classes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amélia Landré) 10 Mar 2020
https://hal.science/hal-02503457v1
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[halshs-02955803] La collection historique d’échantillons de sols de l’essai patrimonial des ‘42 parcelles’ (INRAE, Versailles) : une machine à remonter le temps...
A la suite de travaux précédents sur les états pédogéochimiques, les bilans géochimiques et les impacts de la fertilisation dans les horizons profonds du NEOLUVISOL de lœss du dispositif des 42 parcelles d’INRAE (van Oort et al., 2016, 2017, 2020), nous examinons ici des aspects chronologiques d’évolutions intervenues en surface des sols depuis 1928. Pour cela, des séries d’une quinzaine d’échantillons de la collection historique ont été analysées pour une dizaine de traitements représentatifs : engrais à effet acidifiant (sulfate et phosphate d’ammonium), engrais à effet dispersant (nitrate de sodium, sylvinite, chlorure de potassium), superphosphate, amendements à effet alcalinisant (scories de déphosphoration, carbonate de calcium), fumier de cheval, ainsi que deux parcelles témoins’, sans apport. Nous abordons l’évolution temporelle i) des paramètres édaphiques : teneur en carbone organique et en argile, pH, CEC et garniture cationique ; ii) des teneurs totales en éléments majeurs et en trace ; iii), de la composition minéralogique de fractions argileuses et limoneuses, notamment dans le cas des traitements acidifiants. Les résultats, nombreux et souvent originaux, permettent d’apprécier l’ampleur des évolutions durant les 9 décennies d’expérimentation. Par rapport aux résultats antérieurs sur les impacts en profondeur, ces données contribuent à retracer des parties complémentaires d’une même histoire d’évolution, contrainte par les différents traitements de fertilisation. Vu sous un angle pédologique, le dispositif des 42 parcelles œuvre comme un « pédotron » en conditions réelles, mettant en évidence une accélération des processus d’évolution du sol limoneux selon différentes voies de la pédogenèse, en fonction de la nature des matières fertilisantes apportées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Folkert van Oort) 03 Jan 2024
https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02955803v1
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[hal-04311197] Liquid chromatography - high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of pesticides in French agricultural soils
Agricultural soils are not controlled in France for the massive use of pesticides. The quadrupole mass spectrometer is used for targeted analysis of a few dozen pesticides, while the high-resolution time-offlight quadrupole mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS) allows both targeted and non-targeted analysis of hundreds of pesticides. In this study, a targeted method was developed in soils using pressurised-liquid extraction (PLE) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with a QTOFMS. This method development was necessary to carry out next suspect and non-target screening in soils and has been validated for triazines, phenylureas and emerging pesticides in soils. The internal calibration of pesticides was validated for low levels (0.5 to 12.5 μg L−1) and high levels (12.5 to 400 μg L−1) using labelled internal standards. The determination coefficient (R2) of calibration curve of each pesticide was greater than 0.99. Excepted DCPU and IPPU, the mean recoveries of pesticides in five reference soils spiked at 40 μg kg−1 and 10 μg kg−1 were greater than 93.5% and 106.2%, and the variation coefficients lower than 14.7% and 22.5%, respectively. So, multiplier factors were applied to the quantification results of DCPU and IPPU, respectively, 2.5 and 1.7 for correction. This validated method has been applied to a selection of 40 French soils of Centre-Val de Loire region. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of pesticides varied between 0.005 and 0.175 μg kg−1 in soils. Seven pesticides were the most detected in soils. Seventeen pesticides were detected between 10 and 50% of cases and very low detection frequencies (&lt;10%) were found for 10 pesticides in soils. The mean concentrations were 0.730 μg kg−1 dw for triazines, 1.367 μg kg−1 dw for phenylureas and 7.638 μg kg−1 dw for emerging pesticides. DCPMU and epoxiconazole were detected in all the 40 soils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giovanni Caria) 28 Nov 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04311197v1
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[hal-04104434] Pesticide Residues in French Soils: Occurrence, Risks, and Persistence
Contamination of the environment by pesticide residues is a growing concern given their widespread presence in the environment and their effects on ecosystems. Only a few studies have addressed the occurrence of pesticides in soils, and their results highlighted the need for further research on the persistence and risks induced by those substances. We monitored 111 pesticide residues (48 fungicides, 36 herbicides, 25 insecticides and/or acaricides, and two safeners) in 47 soils sampled across France under various land uses (arable lands, vineyards, orchards, forests, grasslands, and brownfields). Pesticides were found in 98% of the sites (46 of the 47 sampled), including untreated areas such as organic fields, forests, grasslands, and brownfields, with up to 33 different substances detected in one sample, mostly fungicides and herbicides. The concentrations of herbicides were the highest in soils with glyphosate, and its transformation product, AMPA, contributed 70% of the cumulative herbicides. Risk assessment underlined a moderate to high risk for earthworms in arable soils mostly attributed to insecticides and/or acaricides. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application by farmers underlines the presence of some residues long after their supposed 90% degradation and at concentrations higher than predicted environmental concentrations, leading to questions their real persistence in soils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 24 May 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04104434v1
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[hal-04676523] Assessment of the radionuclide remediation potential of novel Miscanthus hybrids
There are few studies related to the radionuclide remediation options, which comply to the demands of the environmentally non-destructive physical remediation methods. So far, most of the research was conducted on the phytoremediation capacity of different energy crops, as well as the established miscanthus hybrids which involved metal and heavy metal contaminants. Hence, the objective of this research was the radioecological characterization of the examined agroecosystem, including the initial source of the radionuclides (soil) as well as different miscanthus hybrids grown on the same soil. The results have shown that the radioactive content of soil was similar to the global averages. All measurements of the activity concentration of 137Cs in miscanthus samples were below the detection limits. There is also an indication that 210Pb is leaching into the lower layers (or is being taken up by miscanthus plant from the upper layers). Moreover, transfer factors (TFs) for radionuclides, as a more precise parameter for evaluating the phytoremediation potential, were calculated; the TFs were found to be very low for 226Ra (≤0.07), TFs for 40K (≤0.39) and for 232Th (≤0.21) were in the lower limits, whereas the TFs for 238U were found to be the highest (≤0.92). For 210Pb, the TFs were not calculated, since the expectation was that a significant part of the measured quantity came from the air, and not through the soil. Having in mind the sustainability and the circularity aspect of the radionuclide phytoremediation system, the appropriate management method should be applied for the disposal and utilization of the biomass contaminated with radionuclides. This research has shown that the radiological content in miscanthus is high enough and the ash content is low enough that miscanthus ash could be considered as a NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material), and it can be further used for the construction industry (i.e. concrete, tiles), in mixtures with other materials with certain limitations, similar to the utilization of ash from other sources such as coal or wood.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vanja Jurišić) 23 Aug 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04676523v1
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[hal-03247380] Spatial variations, origins, and risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in French soils
Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants produced by anthropogenic activities that contaminate all environmental spheres, including soils. This study focused on PAHs measured in 2154 soils in France, covering the entire territory based on a regular sampling grid. The quantified concentrations in the Σ15 PAHs ranged from 5.1 to 31 200 µg kg−1, with a median value of 32.6 µg kg−1, and PAHs were detected in 70 % of the soil samples. The map of Σ15 PAH concentrations revealed strong spatial variations in soil contamination throughout France, with larger concentrations in soils of industrial regions and near major cities. PAH molecular diagnostic ratios support the historical origin of PAHs in the northern part of France being linked to the significant emissions of PAHs in Europe during the industrial period of 1850–1950, in particular with the contribution of coal and/or biomass combustion and iron–steel production. A health risk assessment conducted for the residential population resulted in a median value of 1.07 × 10−8 in total lifetime cancer risk, with only 20 sites above the limit of 10−6 and one above the limit of 10−5 adopted by the French government. These results reveal the need to conduct large-scale studies on soil contamination to determine the fate of PAHs and evaluate the risks induced by soil pollution at a country-level scale.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 02 Jan 2024
https://minesparis-psl.hal.science/hal-03247380v1
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[hal-04236772] Comment développer un suivi de la biodiversité des sols français en s’appuyant sur le Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS) ?
Pour répondre au besoin de connaissances sur la biodiversité des sols, nous explorons la possibilité d’adosser un suivi de la biodiversité des sols au Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS). Ce couplage a pour objectif de bénéficier du caractère opérationnel du RMQS et de croiser les informations sur la biodiversité avec les données déjà disponibles sur les sols. Des mesures de biodiversité sont d’ailleurs déjà effectuées sur les sites du RMQS. Un groupe de travail incluant des experts nationaux a conçu un questionnaire pour évaluer la compatibilité du plan d’échantillonnage du RMQS avec la surveillance de la biodiversité des sols et définir les caractéristiques de ce nouveau suivi (taxons et fonctions à suivre, protocoles, besoins matériels, humains et financiers). Ces mêmes experts ont ensuite répondu au questionnaire et les informations collectées ont été complétées lors d’entretiens individuels. Les avancées du projet ont été validées en réunions plénières. Au sortir de ces réflexions, il a été conclu que le plan d’échantillonnage du RMQS (maille de 16 km x 16 km, site d’étude de 400 m2, ré-échantillonnage de chaque site tous les 15 ans) convenait à un suivi de la biodiversité des sols. Cependant, les experts écologues ont mis en avant la nécessité d’effectuer l’échantillonnage de la mésofaune et de la macrofaune au printemps. Ils recommandent cinq protocoles qui permettent de suivre les micro-organismes, la microfaune, la mésofaune et la macrofaune du sol. Une mesure de la flore a aussi été intégrée avec le suivi de la banque de graines. Trois fonctions (macroporosité du sol due à l’activité des vers de terre, activités enzymatiques et dégradation de la matière organique) seraient également mesurées. Si le RMQS-Biodiversité est mis en place de manière pérenne et déployé sur les 2240 sites métropolitains, il devrait permettre de documenter de manière robuste la biogéographie des organismes du sol, de décrypter leurs liens avec les pratiques agricoles et possiblement la découverte de nouvelles espèces. Une réflexion complémentaire devra être engagée pour les sites ultra-marins.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Camille Imbert) 11 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236772v2
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[hal-01461150] Réseau PRO : Création d'un réseau d'essais au champ et d'un outil de mutualisation des données pour l'étude de la valeur agronomique et des impacts environnementaux des Produits Résiduaires Organiques recyclés en agriculture
Le projet « Réseau PRO » (2011-2014) a permis la constitution d’un réseau national d’essais étudiant les effets des épandages agricoles de produits résiduaires organiques (PRO) dans des situations agropédo-climatiques très différentes et pour une grande diversité de PRO épandus. Ce réseau visait d’une part, à harmoniser les méthodes d’étude et de suivi des effets des PRO épandus au champ, et d’autre part à mutualiser les données acquises sur une grande diversité d’essais au champ. Ont ainsi été élaborés : un inventaire de 437 essais étudiant les PRO en France, un guide méthodologique opérationnel de conduite d’essai de plein champ sur les PRO, une méthode de référencement des PRO et une première ébauche de nomenclature, et un système d’information commun au Réseau PRO et au SOERE PRO. Par ailleurs, les données recueillies ont permis d’améliorer le paramétrage des outils développés au sein du RMT Fertilisation &amp; Environnement (outils de diagnostic environnemental et de gestion de la fertilisation et du statut organique des sols). Enfin, l’analyse critique des jeux de données mutualisés a donné lieu à des recommandations pour les futurs essais.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M. Heurtaux) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01461150v1
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[hal-01173741] L'état des sols de France
Ce livre met à la disposition d’un large public le premier état des lieux sur la qualité des sols de France métropolitaine et des Outre-mer. Il repose sur un important travail d’acquisition et d’exploitation de données réalisé par le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique Sol depuis 10 ans. Après avoir décrit les différentes fonctions des sols dans nos sociétés puis leur diversité, le cœur de l’ouvrage examine et synthétise les données acquises sur l’état chimique, biologique et physique des sols. Bien que subsistent encore de fortes incertitudes, cet état des lieux souligne les principales inquiétudes relatives à l’évolution de la qualité des sols mais met aussi en évidence certains points positifs. En effet, les sols sont le support des activités agricoles et sylvicoles et les garants de notre sécurité alimentaire. En interagissant avec les autres milieux, ils assurent des services essentiels à l’Homme et à l’environnement. Pourtant, ils restent encore largement méconnus, car leur présence est le plus souvent occultée par la végétation, les habitations ou les infrastructures qui les recouvrent. Or, les sols constituent une ressource naturelle dont la destruction est difficilement réversible et la réhabilitation très coûteuse. Leurs usages et leur devenir représentent un enjeu collectif majeur pour le développement durable. La connaissance de leur état et de son évolution est donc primordiale tant pour le maintien des activités humaines que pour la préservation de la qualité de notre environnement. Considérant « le sol » comme un enjeu insuffisamment connu, le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique sur les sols, le Gis Sol, a été créé en 2001 par plusieurs acteurs publics. Il contribue aujourd’hui par cette première synthèse nationale à l’amélioration des connaissances sur les sols et à leur plus large appropriation par les citoyens, les décideurs ou les aménageurs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Véronique Antoni) 13 Dec 2021
https://hal.science/hal-01173741v1
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[hal-01901469] Trace metal availability in soil horizons amended with various urban waste composts during 17 years – Monitoring and modelling
Trace metal availability in soil horizons amended with various urban waste composts during 17 years – Monitoring and modelling
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Cambier) 22 Oct 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01901469v1
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[hal-01000800] First evidence of large-scale PAH trends in French soils
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread organic pollutants. Soils are a reservoir of PAHs because some soil constituents favour PAH accumulation. Therefore, soil is a key indicator of the degree of contamination. So far, studies mapping soil PAH levels over large territories are very rare. Here, we report the first nation-wide maps of soil PAHs in France. Results were obtained within the French National Soil Monitoring Network, which is the first European network monitoring systematically soil PAHs. We used advanced geostatistics to map PAH distribution over the whole French territory. Our results show clear trends of PAH levels at the nation scale. For instance, the highest PAH levels are found in Northern and Eastern France. This high contamination is explained by the intense industrial activity of these regions during the last century. High levels of PAH are also found near some coastlines. This observation could be explained by long-range atmospheric transportation. In addition, we found that light PAHs are rarely found in French topsoils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle E. Villanneau) 04 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01000800v1
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[hal-00862539] Local Hölder regularity for set-indexed processes
In this paper, we study the Hölder regularity of set-indexed stochastic processes defined in the framework of Ivanoff-Merzbach. The first key result is a Hölder-continuity Theorem derived from the approximation of the indexing collection by a nested sequence of finite subcollections. Hölder-continuity based on the increment definition for set-indexed processes is also considered. Then, the localization of these properties leads to various definitions of Hölder exponents. Moreover, a pointwise continuity exponent is defined in relation with the weak continuity property for set-indexed processes which only considers single point jumps. In the case of Gaussian processes, almost sure values are proved for the Hölder exponents. As an application, the local regularity of the set-indexed fractional Brownian motion and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process are proved to be constant, with probability one.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Erick Herbin) 17 Sep 2013
https://hal.science/hal-00862539v1
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[hal-02633744] Sustainability of an in situ aided phytostabilisation on highly contaminated soils using fly ashes: Effects on the vertical distribution of physicochemical parameters and trace elements
Aided phytostabilisation using trees and fly ashes is a promising technique which has shown its effectiveness in the management of highly metal-contaminated soils. However, this success is generally established based on topsoil physicochemical analysis and short-term experiments. This paper focuses on the long-term effects of the afforestation and two fly ashes (silico-aluminous and sulfo-calcic called FA1 and FA2, respectively) by assessing the integrity of fly ashes 10 years after their incorporation into the soil as well as the vertical distribution of the physicochemical parameters and trace elements (TEs) in the amended soils (F1 and F2) in comparison with a non-amended soil (R). Ten years after the soil treatment, the particle size distribution analysis between fly ashes and their corresponding masses (fly ash + soil particles) showed a loss or an agglomeration of finer particles. This evolution matches with the appearance of gypsum (CaSO4 2H(2)O) in FA2m instead of anhydrite (CaSO4), which is the major compound of FA2. This finding corresponds well with the dissolution and the lixiviation of Ca, S and P included in FA2 along the F2 soil profile, generating an accumulation of these elements at 30 cm depth. However, no variation of TE contamination was found between 0 and 25 cm depth in F2 soil except for Cd. Conversely, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg enrichment was observed at 25 cm depth in the F1 soil, whereas no enrichment was observed for As. The fly ashes studied, and notably FA2, were able to reduce Cd, Pb and Zn availability in soil and this capacity persists over the time despite their structural and chemical changes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Géraldine Bidar) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02633744v1
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[hal-02651411] Assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants living near a former lead smelter. Part 2 : site-specific human health risk assessment of Cd and Pb contamination in kitchen gardens
Metal contamination of urban soils and homegrown products has caused major concern. In Part 1, we investigated the long-term effects of a former smelter on the degree of kitchen garden-soil contamination and the quality of the homegrown vegetables from these gardens. The results showed that the soils retained a high level of contamination and that a large proportion of the vegetables produced did not comply with the legislation on the levels of metals allowed for human consumption. The present study aims to assess the associated potential health risk to local inhabitants through consumption of homegrown vegetables and ingestion of soil particles using a land use-based approach. For lead (Pb), the standard hazard quotient (HQ)-based risk assessment method was used to determine the HQ. For cadmium (Cd), the approach consisted of calculating the HQs and then deriving site-specific assessment criteria (SSAC) using the SNIFFER method. The results suggested that the exposure pathways considered should not engender any form of deleterious health effects for adults. For children, Pb was the main concern and induced a relatively high health risk through soil particle ingestion, and most total soil Cd concentrations exceeded the derived SSAC, in particular, through consumption of vegetables. The metal bioaccessibility in soils was incorporated into the methods to establish more realistic risk assessment measures. This study proposes an approach to integrate different human health risk assessment methods. Further investigations should complete the assessment to improve risk determination, e.g., the determination of metal bioaccessibility in vegetables.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Aurélie Pelfrêne) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02651411v1
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[hal-02640025] Use of an in vitro digestion method to estimate human bioaccessibility of Cd in vegetables grown in smelter-impacted soils: the influence of cooking
Metal contamination of urban soils and homegrown vegetables has caused major concern. Some studies showed that cadmium (Cd) was among the most significant hazards in kitchen garden soils and prolonged exposure to this metal could cause deleterious health effects in humans. In general, most risk assessment procedures are based on total concentrations of metals in vegetables. The present study assesses human bioaccessibility of Cd in vegetables cultivated in smelter-impacted kitchen garden soils. Seven vegetables (radish, lettuce, French bean, carrot, leek, tomato, and potato) were considered. Using the UBM protocol (unified BARGE bioaccessibility method), the bioaccessibility of Cd was measured in raw/cooked vegetables. A considerable amount of Cd was mobilized from raw vegetables during the digestion process (on average 85 % in the gastric phase and 69 % in the gastrointestinal phase), which could be attributed to a high uptake of Cd during the growth of the vegetables. Most Cd is accumulated in the vacuoles of plant cells, except what is absorbed by the cell wall, allowing Cd to be released from plant tissues under moderate conditions. Cooking by the steaming process generally increased the bioaccessibility of Cd in French bean, carrot, and leek. For potato, few or no significant differences of Cd bioaccessibility were observed after the steaming process, while the frying process strongly decreased bioaccessibility in both phases. The estimation of metal bioaccessibility in vegetables is helpful for human health risk assessment.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Aurélie Pelfrêne) 28 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02640025v1
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[ineris-00963349] Bioaccessibility of trace elements as affected by soil parameters in smelter-contaminated agricultural soils : a statistical modeling approach
An investigation was undertaken to identify the most significant soil parameters that can be used to predict Cd, Pb, and Zn bioaccessibility in smelter-contaminated agricultural soils. A robust model was established from an extended database of soils by using : a training set of 280 samples to select the main soil parameters, to define the best population to be taken into account for the model elaboration, and to construct multivariate regression models, and a test set of 110 samples to validate the ability of the regression models. Total carbonate, organic matter, sand, P2O5, free Fe-Mn oxide, and pseudo total Aland trace element (TE) contents appeared as the main variables governing TE bioaccessibility. The statistical modeling approach was reasonably successful, indicating that the main soil factors influencing the bioaccessibility of TEs were taken into account and the predictions could be applicable for further risk evaluation in the studied area.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Aurélie Pelfrene) 21 Mar 2014
https://ineris.hal.science/ineris-00963349v1
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[hal-03818090] PIEGEAge des Composés Halogénés Lipophiles Organiques Rémanents (PIEGEACHLOR)
Le projet Piegeachlor s'est donné pour objectif de réduire la disponibilité des plusieurs familles de contaminants organochlorés retrouvés dans les sols. Les contaminants étudiés sont les polychlorobiphényles, les polychloro-dibenzodioxines et furanes, ainsi que la chlordécone. L'hypothèse initiale du projet était que des matrices carbonées issues de pyrolyse de ligneux telles que des biochars pouvaient jouer un rôle de séquestration. Les propriétés de séquestration ont été testées en mobilisant plusieurs méthodologies. La première est basée sur une approche in vitro, qualifiant la disponibilité environnementale. Elle simule la capacité d'un milieu aqueux à désorber les polluants. Les autres utilisaient un biote cible (ver, radis, courgette, poule) pour déterminer la biodisponibilité relative de chacun des contaminants en fonction de la matrice carbonée utilisée. Ces approches ont été appliquées d'abord sur des sols artificiels de type OCDE avec de la tourbe comme matière organique endogène. Après une sélection des matrices carbonées les plus performantes en termes de séquestration, une partie des tests précédemment décrits a été appliquée sur des sols naturels prélevés en métropole (Saint-Cyprien) et en Martinique (Morne-Rouge, Trinité), respectivement contaminé en PCB+PCDD/F et en CLD. Des essais d'innocuité de l'amendement ont également été menés.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giovanni Caria) 17 Oct 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03818090v1
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[hal-01486268] Trace elements in soils developed in sedimentary materials from Northern France
A pedo-geochemical survey was carried out in the Nord-Pas de Calais region (France) on soils developed in sedimentary materials to estimate their baseline geochemistry and the effect of selected factors on it. Total concentrations of Al, Fe and 18 trace elements, as well as common soil characteristics, were determined in samples from 271 surface and 487 deep horizons developed in 22 sedimentary rocks and superficial deposits. Compared with the upper continental crust, the parent materials are enriched with most of the trace elements, particularly with As, Cd, Sb and Se, and are impoverished in Cu. Calcareous rocks from the Carboniferous, Cretaceous and Jurassic eras are often enriched in Cd. Correlation analysis shows that the least mobile (i.e. ionic potential (Z/r) ranges from 3 to 7) geogenic elements (Bi, Co, Cr, Cu, In, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, V, Zn) are associated with the < 2 μm fraction (which we define as “lutum”). More mobile elements (As, Cd, Hg, Mn, Mo, Sb, Se) are less strongly associated with this fraction. Cadmium is particularly associated with Mn. Topsoils are enriched with all the trace elements examined, except Co, Cr and Ni, probably because of anthropogenic contamination. The amount of Pb introduced into the soils of the entire region (12 450 km2) by human diffuse contamination is estimated to be 45 000 metric tonnes. Organic matter seems to act as a sink for numerous exogenous trace elements. The distribution of [trace element]/([Al] or [Fe]) in the deep soil horizons from Nord-Pas de Calais gives the background contents for soils developed from most sedimentary materials from the Brussels–London and the Parisian basins.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 09 Mar 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01486268v1
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[hal-02652685] The impact of redox conditions on the rare earth element signature of redoximorphic features in a soil sequence developed from limestone
Redox processes, which are widespread in soils, need to be quantified for an improved comprehension of the dynamics of Fe- and Mn-oxides and their associated trace elements. The classical methodology used to study these redox processes generally relies on the quantification of all mineral species in the various pedological features that can be related to different redox stages. However, this approach usually encounters the difficulty of precisely quantifying the different forms of poorly crystallised Fe- and Mn-oxides. In this study, we use the signature of rare earth elements (REEs) to visualise and, eventually, quantify the importance of redox processes in soils. Our approach relies on that developed by Laveuf et al. (2008) and the idea that the relative contribution to the mobilisation of REEs that is made by the primary minerals reactive to redox conditions depends on the following factors: (i) their initial proportion in the different pedological features that can be related to various redox processes, (ii) their relative mobilisation during the redox process in question, and (iii) their initial REE signatures. The catena studied is characterised by two stages of redox conditions: the first is related to the formation and subsequent dissolution of Fe–Mn concretions, and the second is related to the bleaching of the soil matrix due to morphological degradation. In this soil, the main minerals reactive to redox conditions are Mn-oxides, ferrihydrite, goethite and (fluor)apatite. The results indicate that the primary redox conditions can be characterised by a positive Ce anomaly on the REE pattern, which has been attributed to a preferential immobilisation of this element, due to its association with Mn-oxides. The results also indicate that the secondary redox conditions can be characterised by depletion in medium REEs (MREEs) in the REE pattern, which has been attributed to a preferential release of these elements during the dissolution of (fluor)apatite and, to a lesser extent, of ferrihydrite. These results emphasise the potential of REE signatures of the visualisation of the various redox processes that have been active in a soil. Additionally, REE signatures are a proxy of the frequency and intensity of the redox conditions. Highlights ► Identification of redoximorphic features. ► Speciation of rare earth elements in redoximorphic features. ► Impact of redox conditions on rare earth mobilization. ► Interpretation of changes in speciation and of fractionations. ► Use of rare earth elements as tracers of redox processes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Cédric Laveuf) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02652685v1
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[hal-02659648] Location of trace elements in unpolluted soils by a combined method.
A sequential extraction procedure was combined with physical fractionation and mineralogy to determine the distribution of trace elements (TE) among the different phases of a poorly weathered sample. It was first fractionated into five particle-size fractions. Two of these were selected for sequential extractions on the basis of their contrasting mineralogical compositions. A five-step sequential extraction scheme was employed. The studied sample is mostly composed of hornblende, quartz, and feldspars. Early weathering has already occurred, resulting in the formation of smectite and oxides. Sequential extractions show that the studied elements are mostly associated with the residual phases. Hornblende was the main TE bearer of the primary minerals, whereas TEs released through weathering precipitated in both smectite and oxides. Oxides were found to scavenge copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) more efficiently than smectite. Copper and nickel (Ni) were more concentrated in smectite than in hornblende.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659648v1
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[hal-02666811] Consequences of aggregation for the trace element distribution in the subsoil of a Planosol naturally rich in trace-metal
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02666811v1
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[hal-02790229] Inter-calibration de spectromètres NIRS pour la prédiction du Carbone et de l’Azote dans les sols
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard Barthès) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790229v1
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[hal-04736442] Loiret, Meung-sur-Loire, ZAC Synergie Val-de-Loire, les Bouillants et la Maison Neuve : De l'établissement aristocratique laténien à l'exploitation rurale antique : rapport de fouille
L’opération de fouille préventive de Meung-sur-Loire (Loiret) est liée à l’implantation d’une plateforme logistique au sein de la Zac Synergie Val-de-Loire aux lieux-dits La Maison Neuve et Les Bouillants. Le projet s’étend sur deux zones distinctes. Au nord la Zone A au lieu-dit La Maison Neuve. Au sud la Zone B au lieu-dit Les Bouillants . Le secteur avait été largement diagnostiqué (12,6%) en 2015 par le Service d’Archéologie Préventive du Conseil Départemental du Loiret. La fouille est la quatrième effectuée sur cette zone auxquelles s’ajoutent sept opérations de diagnostic, offrant ainsi la possibilité de mieux caractériser la nature et l’étendue des différents vestiges mis au jour, ainsi que leurs éventuels rapports chronologiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Philippe Gay) 15 Oct 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04736442v1
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[hal-02660789] Impacts of metal contamination in calcareous waters of Deûle river (France) : water quality and thermodynamic studies on metallic mobility
To evaluate adverse impacts of metal pollution originating from smelting activities on the aquatic ecosystem of DeA >> le river in northern France, water samples were collected from five selected stations along a contaminated region of this river (during two surveys: April-June 2005 and April-May 2007). All samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectroscopy and/or ICP-mass spectrometry. Both the concentrations of dissolved and particulate elements were determined, and analytical data were compared with national and international water/particle quality guidelines as well as with some values reported in the literature for polluted rivers. For all the metals studied (i.e. Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn), our investigations showed that the effects of the dissolved phase on this aquatic medium were weak, according to water quality status established by US Environmental Protection Agency, USEPA (1994, 1999). Conversely, the levels of metals in suspended particulate matter were found to be much higher than local background contents and natural reference levels in French catchments. These levels were further quantified as "serious" contamination, i.e. above the "red" range that was previously elaborated by most existing metal-contamination scales in French basins of similar geology. The affinity of these metals for the particulate phase in DeA >> le waters follows the order: Cd > Cr > Pb > Zn = Mn > Cu > Ni. The trace metals released from anthropogenic activities were found to be partly bound to the reactive particulate phase, calcite, which is sensitive to physico-chemical variations occurring in the river ecosystem. To appraise the risk of ecotoxicity by metals, predictions on the ability to release metallic pollutants from calcite into waters were made successfully by testing three equilibrium geochemical speciation models (JCHESS, VISUAL MINTEQ and WINHUMIC) in which soluble organic matter was taken into account. Calculations showed that metal-water-calcite systems in DeA >> le River are close to thermodynamic equilibrium with generation of solid solutions, Me alpha Ca(1-)alpha CO(3), by (co)precipitation and/or adsorption reactions. On the basis of results mentioned here, more measurements of river chemistry and assessments of predictive capabilities of chosen water-quality guidelines with time would be developed in aquatic and calcareous areas for controlled dredging operations or other treatment engineering works.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (B. Lourino-Cabana) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02660789v1
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[hal-02657653] Water-Quality Diagnosis and Metal Distribution in a Strongly Polluted Zone of Deûle River (Northern France)
Using ICP-AES and ICP-MS, several metals were analyzed in water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected under normal turbidity conditions at various stations from DeA >> le river (in northern France) to assess the impact of a former smelting plant on the fate of particulate elements and on the water quality in this aquatic environment. Compared to their regional background, particulate Pb, Zn and Cd were found to be most enriched, suggesting anthropogenic inputs from bed sediments into the water column mainly due to physical disturbances induced by barges traffics. Conversely, no significant enrichments of particulate metals such as Cu, Cr and Ni were observed in DeA >> le SPM. Characterization of SPM with analyses of mineralogical and chemical compositions-using environmental scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (ESEM/EDS)-indicated the presence of micro-specimens attributed to anthropogenic minerals, mostly PbS and ZnS. The calculated enrichment index (or the geoaccumulation index, I (geo)), enrichment factor (EF) and the partition coefficient (K (d)) confirmed that SPM was strongly polluted in cadmium, lead and zinc, moderately polluted in copper and unpolluted in chromium and nickel. Based on the analytical data obtained for SPM from the BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction scheme, it was concluded that: (i) the reducible phases were largely more important for the binding of Pb and Cd than that of Zn and Ni and in a lesser extent Cu and Cr; (ii) copper was found to be mostly associated with the sulphides/organics fraction; (iii) chromium with a lithogenic origin was extracted in the largest percentage in the residual phase; and (iv) zinc was bound to the exchangeable-carbonate phase in the largest percentage in the particles analysed, followed by nickel and cadmium, suggesting that these metals might be easily remobilized if changes in environmental conditions would occur.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (L. Lesven) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02657653v1
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[hal-00755525] Earthworm indicators as tools for soil monitoring, characterization and risk assessment. An example from the national Bioindicator programme (France)
Considering the limited number of bioindicators available to assess soil quality, a national research programme was set up in France to develop such indicators (2006-2012), the "Bioindicator" programme. This programme tested 47 biological parameters (i.e. microorganisms, fauna, flora) including earthworms, in several sites differing in terms of land use, contamination type - PAHs or metals - and pollution levels. The present study proposes some study objectives for bioindicator approaches, based on the earthworm results from the programme. Therefore, different earthworm descriptors were tested at the community level (e.g. abundance, biomass, species and functional structures, and ecological traits) as well as the organism level (i.e. measuring the metallothionein coding gene expression level in earthworms). The present results, obtained from the programme's spring 2009 sampling campaign, discriminated among the different descriptors and showed that earthworm and endogeic abundance as well as the individual weight of endogeics seem to be good indicators in non-contaminated (cultivated) sites, while the ecological structure, namely the proportion of anecic vs. endogeic species, and the proportion of non-vulnerable species should be used as indicators of contaminated soils. Furthermore, the first results obtained for Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus rubellus are encouraging as they show that metallothionein expression increases in metal-contaminated soils. The relevance of these descriptors, which have to be considered in study objectives, requires the analysis of 2010 results.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guénola Pérès) 29 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-00755525v1
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[hal-03556753] Rôle du silicium dans la culture du blé en France : biodisponibilité, bioaccumulation et effet sur les rendements
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Dominique Meunier) 04 Feb 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03556753v1
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[hal-02842168] Les éléments traces métalliques et la qualité des sols. Impact à moyen et à long terme
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Chassin) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02842168v1
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[hal-02972232] Thallium in French agrosystems—I. Thallium contents in arable soils
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (A. Tremel) 20 Oct 2020
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-02972232v1
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[hal-01192429] Evaluation in situ de l’impact de composts d’origine urbaine sur la mobilité de contaminants métalliques et organiques en agriculture
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Cambier) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192429v1
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[hal-01192000] Evaluation in situ de l'impact du recyclage de composts d'origine urbaine en agriculture sur la mobilité de contaminants métalliques et organiques
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Cambier) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192000v1
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[hal-01192117] Rôle des matières organiques particulaires de composts d'origine urbaine et de sols amendés par ces produits dans la rétention de contaminants
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Cambier) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192117v1
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[hal-01000802] Spatial distribution of lindane concentration in topsoil across France
Lindane [gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH)] is an organochlorine pesticide with toxic effects on humans. It is bioaccumulative and can remain in soils for long periods, and although its use for crop spraying was banned in France in 1998, it is possible that residues from before this time remain in the soil. The RMQS soil monitoring network consists of soil samples from 2200 sites on a 16 km regular grid across France, collected between 2002 and 2009. We use 726 measurements of the Lindane concentration in these samples to (i) investigate the main explanatory factors for its spatial distribution across France, and (ii) map this distribution. Geostatistics provides an appropriate framework to analyze our spatial dataset, though two issues regarding the data are worth special consideration: first, the harmonization of two subsets of the data (which were analyzed using different measurement processes), and second, the large proportion of data from one of these subsets that fell below a limit of quantification. We deal with these issues using recent methodological developments in geostatistics. Results demonstrate the importance of land use and rainfall for explaining part of the variability of Lindane across France: land use due to the past direct input of Lindane on cropland and its subsequent persistence in the soil, and rainfall due to the re-deposition of volatilized Lindane. Maps show the concentrations to be generally largest in the north and northwest of France, areas of more intensive agricultural land. We also compare levels to some contamination thresholds taken from the literature, and present maps showing the probability of Lindane concentrations exceeding these thresholds across France. These maps could be used as guidelines for deciding which areas require further sampling before some possible remediation strategy could be applied. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas T. Orton) 04 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01000802v1
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[hal-02647624] Prediction of soil organic and inorganic carbon contents at a national scale (France) using mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS)
This work aimed to evaluate the potential of mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) to predict soil organic and inorganic carbon contents with a 2086-sample set representative of French topsoils (0-30 cm). Ground air-dried samples collected regularly using a 16 x 16-km grid were analysed for total (dry combustion) and inorganic (calcimeter) carbon; organic carbon was calculated by difference. Calibrations of MIR spectra with partial least square regressions were developed with 10-80% of the set and five random selections of samples. Comparisons between samples with contrasting organic or inorganic carbon content and regression coefficients of calibration equations both showed that organic carbon was firstly associated with a wide spectral region around 2500-3500 cm-1 (which was a reflection of its complex nature), and inorganic carbon with narrow spectral bands, especially around 2520 cm-1. Optimal calibrations for both organic and inorganic carbon were achieved by using 20% of the total set: predictions were not improved much by including more of the set and were less stable, probably because of atypical samples. At the 20% rate, organic carbon predictions over the validation set (80% of the total) yielded mean R², standard error of prediction (SEP) and RPD (ratio of standard deviation to SEP) of 0.89, 6.7 g kg-1 and 3.0, respectively; inorganic carbon predictions yielded 0.97, 2.8 g kg-1 and 5.6, respectively. This seemed appropriate for large-scale soil inventories and mapping studies but not for accurate carbon monitoring, possibly because carbonate soils were included. More work is needed on organic carbon calibrations for large-scale soil libraries.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Clovis Grinand) 22 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02647624v1
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[hal-02648758] Black carbon estimation in French calcareous soils using Chemo-Thermal Oxidation method
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giovanni G. Caria) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648758v1
