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[hal-02633744] Sustainability of an in situ aided phytostabilisation on highly contaminated soils using fly ashes: Effects on the vertical distribution of physicochemical parameters and trace elements
Aided phytostabilisation using trees and fly ashes is a promising technique which has shown its effectiveness in the management of highly metal-contaminated soils. However, this success is generally established based on topsoil physicochemical analysis and short-term experiments. This paper focuses on the long-term effects of the afforestation and two fly ashes (silico-aluminous and sulfo-calcic called FA1 and FA2, respectively) by assessing the integrity of fly ashes 10 years after their incorporation into the soil as well as the vertical distribution of the physicochemical parameters and trace elements (TEs) in the amended soils (F1 and F2) in comparison with a non-amended soil (R). Ten years after the soil treatment, the particle size distribution analysis between fly ashes and their corresponding masses (fly ash + soil particles) showed a loss or an agglomeration of finer particles. This evolution matches with the appearance of gypsum (CaSO4 2H(2)O) in FA2m instead of anhydrite (CaSO4), which is the major compound of FA2. This finding corresponds well with the dissolution and the lixiviation of Ca, S and P included in FA2 along the F2 soil profile, generating an accumulation of these elements at 30 cm depth. However, no variation of TE contamination was found between 0 and 25 cm depth in F2 soil except for Cd. Conversely, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg enrichment was observed at 25 cm depth in the F1 soil, whereas no enrichment was observed for As. The fly ashes studied, and notably FA2, were able to reduce Cd, Pb and Zn availability in soil and this capacity persists over the time despite their structural and chemical changes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Géraldine Bidar) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02633744v1
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[hal-01461150] Réseau PRO : Création d'un réseau d'essais au champ et d'un outil de mutualisation des données pour l'étude de la valeur agronomique et des impacts environnementaux des Produits Résiduaires Organiques recyclés en agriculture
Le projet « Réseau PRO » (2011-2014) a permis la constitution d’un réseau national d’essais étudiant les effets des épandages agricoles de produits résiduaires organiques (PRO) dans des situations agropédo-climatiques très différentes et pour une grande diversité de PRO épandus. Ce réseau visait d’une part, à harmoniser les méthodes d’étude et de suivi des effets des PRO épandus au champ, et d’autre part à mutualiser les données acquises sur une grande diversité d’essais au champ. Ont ainsi été élaborés : un inventaire de 437 essais étudiant les PRO en France, un guide méthodologique opérationnel de conduite d’essai de plein champ sur les PRO, une méthode de référencement des PRO et une première ébauche de nomenclature, et un système d’information commun au Réseau PRO et au SOERE PRO. Par ailleurs, les données recueillies ont permis d’améliorer le paramétrage des outils développés au sein du RMT Fertilisation & Environnement (outils de diagnostic environnemental et de gestion de la fertilisation et du statut organique des sols). Enfin, l’analyse critique des jeux de données mutualisés a donné lieu à des recommandations pour les futurs essais.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M. Heurtaux) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01461150v1
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[hal-02822313] Fate of organic pollutants after sewage sludge spreading on agricultural soils: a 30-years field-scale recording
Toxic organic compounds, such as the surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPE), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and residues derived from plastics (PAE-phthalates) end up in sewage sludge. In order to evaluate and quantify the potential environmental risks associated with the xenobiotic introduction into biological life cycle, the EU BIOWASTE project (QLK5-CT-2002-01138) devotes one task to the study of the fate of xenobiotic in a sandy soil after sludge spreading on a 30-year field-scale record experiment. Experimental maize crop fields from Bordeaux (France) have been amended with 100 tons per hectare each 2 years from 1974 to 1992. From 1992 to 2004, the fields were maintained and cropped with maize. This experiment shows that the concentration fluctuations in the sludge amended soil follow the same pattern of those in the sewage sludge showing that there is a real impact of the present xenobiotics in the sewage sludge on the concentration of the xenobiotics in the soil. Nonetheless, 12 years after the last addition of sewage sludge, the residual concentrations remain from 2 to 10 times higher than the content of the control soil, even though these levels are inferior to the Predicted Non Effect Concentration (PNEC). Only LAS level went back to the level in the control soil. However, only the LAS concentration is above the PNEC during all the experiment due to the very high level of LAS in the sludge (20 g/kg dry weight). These results show that even though this compound is much more degradable than NPE and PAE, it may have a long term effect in soil if high quantities are spread. To conclude, this study underlines the importance to fix maximum level for xenobiotic compounds for sewage sludge spreading on agricultural land, and also the central role of the sewage sludge processes in reducing the xenobiotic concentrations before spreading.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02822313v1
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[hal-02647624] Prediction of soil organic and inorganic carbon contents at a national scale (France) using mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS)
This work aimed to evaluate the potential of mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) to predict soil organic and inorganic carbon contents with a 2086-sample set representative of French topsoils (0-30 cm). Ground air-dried samples collected regularly using a 16 x 16-km grid were analysed for total (dry combustion) and inorganic (calcimeter) carbon; organic carbon was calculated by difference. Calibrations of MIR spectra with partial least square regressions were developed with 10-80% of the set and five random selections of samples. Comparisons between samples with contrasting organic or inorganic carbon content and regression coefficients of calibration equations both showed that organic carbon was firstly associated with a wide spectral region around 2500-3500 cm-1 (which was a reflection of its complex nature), and inorganic carbon with narrow spectral bands, especially around 2520 cm-1. Optimal calibrations for both organic and inorganic carbon were achieved by using 20% of the total set: predictions were not improved much by including more of the set and were less stable, probably because of atypical samples. At the 20% rate, organic carbon predictions over the validation set (80% of the total) yielded mean R², standard error of prediction (SEP) and RPD (ratio of standard deviation to SEP) of 0.89, 6.7 g kg-1 and 3.0, respectively; inorganic carbon predictions yielded 0.97, 2.8 g kg-1 and 5.6, respectively. This seemed appropriate for large-scale soil inventories and mapping studies but not for accurate carbon monitoring, possibly because carbonate soils were included. More work is needed on organic carbon calibrations for large-scale soil libraries.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Clovis Grinand) 22 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02647624v1
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[hal-01600155] Occurrence and fate of xenobiotic in sewage sludge and in sludge-amended soils
Occurrence and fate of xenobiotic in sewage sludge and in sludge-amended soils. 15th SETAC Europe Annual Meeting
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01600155v1
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[hal-01904542] Prediction of total silicon concentrations in French soils using pedotransfer functions from mid-infrared spectrum and pedological attributes
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element of the Earth's crust, and its terrestrial cycle depends on soil, vegetation, and human activities. The spatial extent of terrestrial Si perturbation is poorly documented since maps of Si concentration in soils are rare. In addition, Si content is rarely measured in non-paddy soil databases. Here we demonstrate that pedotransfer functions based on either pedological attributes (particle size fraction, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate and parent material) or mid infrared spectra (MIRS) can be used to accurately predict total Si concentration. In this research, we utilised a unique dataset from the French monitoring network of soil quality (RMQS - Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols) database. Pedotransfer functions were built using a regression tree model on a subset of the data for which total Si concentration was measured. To compare the relative performance of the models obtained for the two different sources of data, a suite of performance indicators were calculated. Our results showed that PTF based on MIR spectra produces highly accurate and precise estimates of the total Si concentration for French soils. The pedological PTF is less accurate, but still provides a good estimation of the Si concentration. The pedological PTF provides an alternative method when only basic soil data are available, and an approximate estimation of Si concentrations is sufficient. These PTFs can be readily applied at the European scale except on a few soil groups not represented in France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (A. Landré) 25 Oct 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01904542v1
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[hal-03494263] Fate and impact of specific organic contaminants after sewage sludge spreading on agricultural soils: from lab-scale to field-scale experiments
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 18 Dec 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03494263v1
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[hal-02648758] Black carbon estimation in French calcareous soils using Chemo-Thermal Oxidation method
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giovanni G. Caria) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02648758v1
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[hal-02651109] Detecting, correcting and interpreting the biases of measured soil profile data: A case study in the Cap Bon Region (Tunisia)
The spatial sets of soil profiles that have been collected for these past 70 years over the world constitute a major source of soil information that are indispensable for operational applications of Digital Soil Mapping. However, significant biases between soil profile datasets issued from different soil surveys could occur because of differences in survey methods (field data collection, laboratory analysis, etc.) or in sampling dates. A pre-processing is therefore needed to detect and remove these biases and then obtain adequate inputs for digital soil-mapping models. Such a pre-processing of legacy soil profile datasets is proposed in this study. The procedure is applied to different sets of geo-referenced legacy soil profiles available in the Cap Bon Region (Northern Tunisia) and use a "reference" spatial sampling of soil surface data that fits with modern standards of soil analysis and was recently collected. The general approach includes three steps: i) define the comparison area (i.e. the intersection of the spatial samplings), ii) compare the distributions of soil profiles properties with the references using a conditional stochastic simulation algorithm and decide whether they are different iii) if needed, apply a correction algorithm to remove the detected biases. Various implementations of this approach were undertaken and tested on theoretical and real soil sampling.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rossano Ciampalini) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02651109v1
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[hal-01019435] Dealing with below quantification limit data in geostatistical analyses
absent
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Orton) 07 Jul 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01019435v1
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[hal-02790190] Mise au point de modèles chimiométriques pour la caractérisation de sols à partir de mesures spectrales PIR effectuées au laboratoire et au champ
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard Barthès) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790190v1
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[hal-02790229] Inter-calibration de spectromètres NIRS pour la prédiction du Carbone et de l’Azote dans les sols
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard Barthès) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02790229v1
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[hal-02785832] Mise au point de modèles chimiométriques pour la caractérisation de sols à partir de mesures spectrales PIR effectuées au laboratoire et au champ
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard Barthès) 05 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02785832v1
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[hal-02657473] Fate of organic pollutants after sewage sludge spreading on agricultural soils: a 30-years field-scale recording
Toxic organic compounds, such as the surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPE), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and residues derived from plastics (PAE-phthalates) end up in sewage sludge. In order to evaluate and quantify the potential environmental risks associated with the xenobiotic introduction into biological life cycle, the EU BIOWASTE project (QLK5-CT-2002-01138) devotes one task to the study of the fate of xenobiotic in a sandy soil after sludge spreading on a 30-year field-scale record experiment. Experimental maize crop fields from Bordeaux (France) have been amended with 100 tons per hectare each 2 years from 1974 to 1992. From 1992 to 2004, the fields were maintained and cropped with maize. This experiment shows that the concentration fluctuations in the sludge amended soil follow the same pattern of those in the sewage sludge showing that there is a real impact of the present xenobiotics in the sewage sludge on the concentration of the xenobiotics in the soil. Nonetheless, 12 years after the last addition of sewage sludge, the residual concentrations remain from 2 to 10 times higher than the content of the control soil, even though these levels are inferior to the Predicted Non Effect Concentration (PNEC). Only LAS level went back to the level in the control soil. However, only the LAS concentration is above the PNEC during all the experiment due to the very high level of LAS in the sludge (20 g/kg dry weight). These results show that even though this compound is much more degradable than NPE and PAE, it may have a long term effect in soil if high quantities are spread. To conclude, this study underlines the importance to fix maximum level for xenobiotic compounds for sewage sludge spreading on agricultural land, and also the central role of the sewage sludge processes in reducing the xenobiotic concentrations before spreading.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02657473v1
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[hal-02534172] Improvement in spectral library-based quantification of soil properties using representative spiking and local calibration – The case of soil inorganic carbon prediction by mid-infrared spectroscopy
Mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) is time- and cost-effective. It was used for quantifying soil inorganic carbon (SIC) concentration in France based on a national library, and performances were evaluated on an independent regional set. Our objective was to improve the accuracy of MIRS predictions based on common multivariate regression, through spiking (enrichment of the national library with some representative target samples) with possible extra-weighting (replication of spiking samples) and local calibration (only using calibration samples that are spectral neighbours of each target samples), which have not been fully explored yet, in combination especially.Global (i.e. common) calibration yielded accurate prediction (standard error of prediction, SEP, was ≈ 5 g kg−1), which could be improved when the library was completed with spiking samples (optimally 10 samples extra-weighted 40 times; SEP = 3.3 g kg−1). Using spiking samples only (without the library) yielded slightly less accurate results (SEP = 3.6 g kg−1). Prediction was more accurate using local calibration without spiking, but on a validation set that was reduced because some validation samples lacked calibration neighbours (SEP = 2.5–2.7 g kg−1). Local calibration with spiking (optimally 10 samples without extra-weight) yielded somewhat less accurate prediction but for the full validation set when few calibration neighbours were required (SEP = 2.7 g kg−1), or higher accuracy on the reduced validation set when many neighbours were required (SEP = 2.3 g kg−1).These accurate predictions demonstrated the usefulness of representative spiking and local calibration for rendering large soil spectral libraries fully operational, while extra-weighting had no additional benefit. Along with more exhaustive spectral libraries, this paves the way for extensive use of MIRS for SIC determination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard G. Barthès) 20 May 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02534172v1
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[hal-01601417] Analyse multi-élémentaire de vers de terre
Le rôle des vers de terre dans l’évolution de la biodisponibilité des éléments en traces métalliques (ETM) présents dans les sols est encore peu connu. Afin d’alimenter les connaiss ances dans ce domaine en vue de la modélisation des processus en interaction, une étude est actuellement menée conjointement par l’unité INRA PESSAC de Versailles et le LAS dans le cadre d’un pari scientifique du département EA. La partie expérimentale de ce pari scientifique comporte 3 étapes : (1) mise en contact des vers de terre avec différents sols contaminés en ETM, (2) préparation des vers de terre en vue de l’extraction des éléments minéraux qu’ils renferment dans 4 fractions subcellulaires et (3) m inéralisation et analyse des extraits de vers de terre. La 3 ème étape, confiée à l’équipe Spectrométrie du LAS, est l’objet de ce travail. L’étude a consisté en la mise au point de méthodes en vue de l’analyse de 9 ETM (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl et Zn ) et de 8 éléments majeurs (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na et P) dans 650 échantillons de fractions subcellulaires de vers de terre. Les principales difficultés à maitriser ont été les niveaux de concentration particulièrement faibles des analytes (de l’ordre d u μg/l) et la nature des matrices, le fractionnement subcellulaire étant réalisé à l’aide de 4 réactifs chargés en sels dissous. Afin de limiter le temps et les coûts d’analyse, les dosages multi - élémentaires ont été privilégiés. En croisant différentes ap proches (ajouts dosés, dilution d’échantillons, comparaison de méthodes) et en analysant 2 échantillons de tissus biologique dont les teneurs totales en Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb et Zn sont certifiées, nous avons validé les conditions d’analyse ch oisies. Ainsi, les 9 ETM et Mn sont analysés simultanément par ICP - MS après dilution des échantillons et ajout d’un étalon interne. Pour 2 matrices sur les 4 étudiées, la cellule de collision - réaction est utilisée afin de réduire les interférences poly - ato miques. Dans ces conditions, les limites de quantification sont comprises entre 0.02 μg/l et 2.0 μg/l. Les éléments majeurs Al, Ca, Fe, Mg et P sont analysés simultanément par ICP - AES et les alcalins K et Na sont dosés séquentiellement par F - AES, après dil ution. Pour ces éléments, les limites de quantification obtenues sont comprises entre 0.05 et 5.0 mg/l
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mireille Catoire) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01601417v1
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[hal-01688916] Subcellular partitioning of metals in Aporrectodea caliginosa along a gradient of metal exposure in 31 field-contaminated soils
Subcellular fractionation of metals in organisms was proposed as a better way to characterize metal bioaccumulation. Here we report the impact of a laboratory exposure to a wide range of field-metal contaminated soils on the subcellular partitioning of metals in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Soils moderately contaminated were chosen to create a gradient of soil metal availability; covering ranges of both soil metal contents and of several soil parameters. Following exposure, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined both in total earthworm body and in three subcellular compartments: cytosolic, granular and debris fractions. Three distinct proxies of soil metal availability were investigated: CaCl2-extractable content dissolved content predicted by a semi-mechanistic model and free ion concentration predicted by a geochemical speciation model. Subcellular partitionings of Cd and Pb were modified along the gradient of metal exposure, while stable Zn partitioning reflected regulation processes. Cd subcellular distribution responded more strongly to increasing soil Cd concentration than the total internal content, when Pb subcellular distribution and total internal content were similarly affected. Free ion concentrations were better descriptors of Cd and Pb subcellular distribution than CaCl2 extractable and dissolved metal concentrations. However, free ion concentrations and soil total metal contents were equivalent descriptors of the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Pb because they were highly correlated. Considering lowly contaminated soils, our results raise the question of the added value of three proxies of metal availability compared to soil total metal content in the assessment of metal bioavailability to earthworm.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Beaumelle) 19 Jan 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01688916v1
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[hal-01173741] L'état des sols de France
Ce livre met à la disposition d’un large public le premier état des lieux sur la qualité des sols de France métropolitaine et des Outre-mer. Il repose sur un important travail d’acquisition et d’exploitation de données réalisé par le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique Sol depuis 10 ans. Après avoir décrit les différentes fonctions des sols dans nos sociétés puis leur diversité, le cœur de l’ouvrage examine et synthétise les données acquises sur l’état chimique, biologique et physique des sols. Bien que subsistent encore de fortes incertitudes, cet état des lieux souligne les principales inquiétudes relatives à l’évolution de la qualité des sols mais met aussi en évidence certains points positifs. En effet, les sols sont le support des activités agricoles et sylvicoles et les garants de notre sécurité alimentaire. En interagissant avec les autres milieux, ils assurent des services essentiels à l’Homme et à l’environnement. Pourtant, ils restent encore largement méconnus, car leur présence est le plus souvent occultée par la végétation, les habitations ou les infrastructures qui les recouvrent. Or, les sols constituent une ressource naturelle dont la destruction est difficilement réversible et la réhabilitation très coûteuse. Leurs usages et leur devenir représentent un enjeu collectif majeur pour le développement durable. La connaissance de leur état et de son évolution est donc primordiale tant pour le maintien des activités humaines que pour la préservation de la qualité de notre environnement. Considérant « le sol » comme un enjeu insuffisamment connu, le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique sur les sols, le Gis Sol, a été créé en 2001 par plusieurs acteurs publics. Il contribue aujourd’hui par cette première synthèse nationale à l’amélioration des connaissances sur les sols et à leur plus large appropriation par les citoyens, les décideurs ou les aménageurs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Véronique Antoni) 13 Dec 2021
https://hal.science/hal-01173741v1
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[hal-01173771] The state of the soils in France in 2011 - A synthesis
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Véronique Antoni) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01173771v1
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[hal-04412728] Projet Phytosol Résidus de pesticides dans les sols français : présence, risques et persistance
À la différence de ce qui est fait pour les milieux aquatiques et l'atmosphère, la surveillance de la contamination des sols par les pesticides n'existe pas à l'échelle du territoire. Or, des travaux récents de chercheurs INRAE, en collaboration avec l'université de Bordeaux, montrent qu'un grand nombre de substances, en quantité importante, y persistent sous forme de résidus. Des résultats parus dans la revue Environmental Science & Technology.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 26 Jan 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04412728v1
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[hal-04658071] First glance of french soil contamination by pesticide residues and the need for broad-scale monitoring
The intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture raised concerns about their environmental fate and impacts on the ecosystems. If the monitoring of those substances in water bodies has been established in Europe since the 2000’s, knowledge of soil contamination by such residues is scarce. However, the few studies addressing this issue pointed out the widespread occurrence of pesticides in soils and the risk they can pose for soil biodiversity. This study investigated 111 currently used pesticides in 47 soils sampled across France, mostly from arable lands but also from forest and grasslands theoretically exempted of pesticides applications. The sampling strategy was based on the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network to evaluate the feasibility of using an existing network for pesticides monitoring in soils. The results demonstrated the widespread contamination of almost all soils samples by residues, including untreated areas such as forests and permanent grasslands. Up to 33 different substances in one soil sample were detected, at concentrations leading to a medium to high ecotoxicological risk for earthworms in arable lands. Several frequently detected residues have never been reported in the literature so far or were found at much lower detection rates. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application records provided by the farmers revealed the unexpected presence of some substance in sites where they were not applied and a longer than expected persistence of several compounds. These findings question the fate of currently used pesticides in the environment under current agricultural practices and advocate for the monitoring of pesticides in soils at broad scales. Filling the knowledge gap of pesticide presence in soil is necessary to understand the contamination of other environmental compartments and prevent their contamination. Therefore, there is a clear need to integrate pesticide analysis in national soil monitoring programs to evaluate contamination levels, which will be conducted in France. This monitoring will include both target and non-target analyses to identify all the potential molecules in soil.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 22 Jul 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04658071v1
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[hal-04181805] First glance of French soil contamination by pesticide residues and the interest for broad-scale monitoring
The intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture raised concerns about their environmental fate and impacts on the ecosystems. If the monitoring of those substances in water bodies has been established in Europe since the 2000’s, knowledge of soil contamination by such residues is scarce. However, the few studies addressing this issue pointed out the widespread occurrence of pesticides in soils and the risk they can pose for soil biodiversity. This study investigated 111 currently used pesticides in 47 soils sampled across France, mostly from arable lands but also from forest and grasslands theoretically exempted of pesticides applications. The sampling strategy was based on the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network (Jolivet et al., 2022) to evaluate the feasibility of using an existing network for pesticides monitoring in soils. The results demonstrated the widespread contamination of almost all soils samples by residues, including untreated areas such as forests and permanent grasslands. Up to 33 different substances in one soil sample were detected, at concentrations leading to a medium to high ecotoxicological risk for earthworms in arable lands. Several frequently detected residues have never been reported in the literature so far or were found at much lower detection rates. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application records provided by the farmers revealed the unexpected presence of some substance in sites where they were not applied and a longer than expected persistence of several compounds. These findings question the fate of currently used pesticides in the environment under current agricultural practices and advocate for the monitoring of pesticides in soils at broad scales. Filling the knowledge gap of pesticide presence in soil is necessary to understand the contamination of other environmental compartments and prevent their contamination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 16 Aug 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04181805v1
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[hal-04104434] Pesticide Residues in French Soils: Occurrence, Risks, and Persistence
Contamination of the environment by pesticide residues is a growing concern given their widespread presence in the environment and their effects on ecosystems. Only a few studies have addressed the occurrence of pesticides in soils, and their results highlighted the need for further research on the persistence and risks induced by those substances. We monitored 111 pesticide residues (48 fungicides, 36 herbicides, 25 insecticides and/or acaricides, and two safeners) in 47 soils sampled across France under various land uses (arable lands, vineyards, orchards, forests, grasslands, and brownfields). Pesticides were found in 98% of the sites (46 of the 47 sampled), including untreated areas such as organic fields, forests, grasslands, and brownfields, with up to 33 different substances detected in one sample, mostly fungicides and herbicides. The concentrations of herbicides were the highest in soils with glyphosate, and its transformation product, AMPA, contributed 70% of the cumulative herbicides. Risk assessment underlined a moderate to high risk for earthworms in arable soils mostly attributed to insecticides and/or acaricides. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application by farmers underlines the presence of some residues long after their supposed 90% degradation and at concentrations higher than predicted environmental concentrations, leading to questions their real persistence in soils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 24 May 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04104434v1
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[hal-02813184] Les cartes de contrôle : exemple du LAS
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Annie A. Guérin) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02813184v1
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[hal-04236772] Comment développer un suivi de la biodiversité des sols français en s’appuyant sur le Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS) ?
Pour répondre au besoin de connaissances sur la biodiversité des sols, nous explorons la possibilité d’adosser un suivi de la biodiversité des sols au Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS). Ce couplage a pour objectif de bénéficier du caractère opérationnel du RMQS et de croiser les informations sur la biodiversité avec les données déjà disponibles sur les sols. Des mesures de biodiversité sont d’ailleurs déjà effectuées sur les sites du RMQS. Un groupe de travail incluant des experts nationaux a conçu un questionnaire pour évaluer la compatibilité du plan d’échantillonnage du RMQS avec la surveillance de la biodiversité des sols et définir les caractéristiques de ce nouveau suivi (taxons et fonctions à suivre, protocoles, besoins matériels, humains et financiers). Ces mêmes experts ont ensuite répondu au questionnaire et les informations collectées ont été complétées lors d’entretiens individuels. Les avancées du projet ont été validées en réunions plénières. Au sortir de ces réflexions, il a été conclu que le plan d’échantillonnage du RMQS (maille de 16 km x 16 km, site d’étude de 400 m2, ré-échantillonnage de chaque site tous les 15 ans) convenait à un suivi de la biodiversité des sols. Cependant, les experts écologues ont mis en avant la nécessité d’effectuer l’échantillonnage de la mésofaune et de la macrofaune au printemps. Ils recommandent cinq protocoles qui permettent de suivre les micro-organismes, la microfaune, la mésofaune et la macrofaune du sol. Une mesure de la flore a aussi été intégrée avec le suivi de la banque de graines. Trois fonctions (macroporosité du sol due à l’activité des vers de terre, activités enzymatiques et dégradation de la matière organique) seraient également mesurées. Si le RMQS-Biodiversité est mis en place de manière pérenne et déployé sur les 2240 sites métropolitains, il devrait permettre de documenter de manière robuste la biogéographie des organismes du sol, de décrypter leurs liens avec les pratiques agricoles et possiblement la découverte de nouvelles espèces. Une réflexion complémentaire devra être engagée pour les sites ultra-marins.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Camille Imbert) 11 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236772v2
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[hal-01348651] Simultaneous detection of antibiotics and other drug residues in the dissolved and particulate phases of water by an off-line SPE combined with on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS: Method development and application
Due to their widespread use in human and animal healthcare, antibiotics and other drug residues are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. Given their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and public health, the quantification of environmental drug residues has become a necessity. Various analysis techniques have been found to be suitable for reliable detection of such compounds. However, quantification can be difficult because these compounds are present at trace or ultra-trace levels. Consequently, the accuracy of environmental analyses depends on both the efficiency and the robustness of the extraction and quantification method. In this work, an off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS was applied to the simultaneous extraction and quantification of 26 pharmaceutical products, including 18 antibiotics, dissolved in a water phase. Optimal conditions were determined and then applied to assess the contamination level of the targeted drug residues in water collected from four sites in Northern France: a river, the input and output of an aerated lagoon, and a wastewater treatment plant. Drug residues associated with suspended solid matter (SSM) were also quantified in this work using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with an on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS system in order to complete an assessment of the degree of total background pollution.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (I. Tlili) 25 Jul 2016
https://hal.science/hal-01348651v1
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[hal-02760030] Clear-cutting effects on soil organic matter content and quality in a temperate maritime pine forest a spatial and temporal assessment
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (C. Jolivet) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02760030v1
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[hal-02666811] Consequences of aggregation for the trace element distribution in the subsoil of a Planosol naturally rich in trace-metal
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02666811v1
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[hal-02771559] Constitution d'un référentiel pédo-géochimique en région Nord - Pas de Calais
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02771559v1
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[hal-01192305] Analyse spatiale de la teneur en PCB-187 des sols du RMQS en utilisant les données inférieures au seuil de quantification
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Orton) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01192305v1
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[hal-01192117] Rôle des matières organiques particulaires de composts d'origine urbaine et de sols amendés par ces produits dans la rétention de contaminants
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Cambier) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192117v1
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[hal-02645432] Mapping black carbon content in topsoils of central France
Black Carbon (BC) is an important carbon pool due to its relative stability in soil. Thus, it is essential to determine the amount of BC in soil to have a better understanding of the global carbon cycle. The spatial distribution of BC was determined in the central region of France in relation to the main controlling factors. BC was measured for topsoil at 158 sites in the French soil monitoring network on a regular 16 × 16-km grid. A linear mixed model (LMM) which included fixed effects (linear relationships between BC content and covariates) and spatially correlated random effects was used for mapping BC to aid explanation. Covariates were selected from a set of factors linked to the BC cycle using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The results show high variability in BC content with a minimum of 0.9%, a maximum of 32% and an average of 5.3% for total organic carbon. The fine-earth fraction and clay content gave the best statistical explanation for the spatial distribution of BC. Data on these covariates were not available in total for the whole study area, and therefore we reselected covariates using the fine-earth amount and density of fires from burning crop residues.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Baptiste J.-B. Paroissien) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02645432v1
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[hal-02840031] Constitution of a pedogeochemical system of reference in the Nord-Pas de Calais (France). Methodology and first results
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02840031v1
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[hal-01192511] Proposition d'essais méthodologiques de détermination des Polluants Organiques Persistants (POPs) sur un sous-échantillon du RMQS
Les Polluants Organiques Persistants (POPs) peuvent être très rémanents, bioaccumulables et toxiques et les sols sont un réservoir pour nombre d'entre eux. A l'heure actuelle, aucune base de données ne répertorie les valeurs en POPs sur l'ensemble de la France. Le projet POP RMQS consiste en une étude localisée des Polluants Organiques Persistants (POPs) dans les sols basée sur le Réseau de Mesure de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS) dans l'objectif de déterminer leur détectabilité, d'observer d'éventuels gradients et d'indiquer l'orientation du choix des paramètres dans le cas de l'extension de cette étude au niveau national. Beaucoup des sites analysés en POPs comptent des valeurs inférieures au seuil de détection. Il est possible d'observer des gradients pour certains groupes de POPs, comme les Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAPs), les Pesticides OrganoChlorés (OCPs) et les herbicides, souvent localisés dans le même secteur. Cette localisation commune ne semble pas avoir la même origine pour les HAPs et les OCPs et herbicides
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle Villanneau) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192511v1
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[hal-02659648] Location of trace elements in unpolluted soils by a combined method.
A sequential extraction procedure was combined with physical fractionation and mineralogy to determine the distribution of trace elements (TE) among the different phases of a poorly weathered sample. It was first fractionated into five particle-size fractions. Two of these were selected for sequential extractions on the basis of their contrasting mineralogical compositions. A five-step sequential extraction scheme was employed. The studied sample is mostly composed of hornblende, quartz, and feldspars. Early weathering has already occurred, resulting in the formation of smectite and oxides. Sequential extractions show that the studied elements are mostly associated with the residual phases. Hornblende was the main TE bearer of the primary minerals, whereas TEs released through weathering precipitated in both smectite and oxides. Oxides were found to scavenge copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) more efficiently than smectite. Copper and nickel (Ni) were more concentrated in smectite than in hornblende.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659648v1
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[hal-02740272] Enseignements tirés de la comparaison des résultats analytiques entre deux campagnes du RMQS, en Région Centre
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Line Boulonne) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02740272v1
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[hal-02698746] Le suivi de la qualité des sols en France, la contribution de l'Observatoire de la Qualité des Sols
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S. Martin) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02698746v1
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[hal-01192429] Evaluation in situ de l’impact de composts d’origine urbaine sur la mobilité de contaminants métalliques et organiques en agriculture
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Philippe Cambier) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192429v1
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[hal-01192053] Proposition d'essais méthodologiques de détermination des Polluants 0rganiques Persistants (POPs) sur un sous échantillon du RMQS
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle Villanneau) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192053v1
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[hal-02842168] Les éléments traces métalliques et la qualité des sols. Impact à moyen et à long terme
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Chassin) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02842168v1
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[hal-01192264] Spatial distribution of lindane in topsoil of Northern France
Lindane is a persistent organochlorine insecticide and the use of this insecticide in agriculture was banned in France in 1998. In this study we investigated the concentrations of lindane in topsoil in Northern France and used robust geostatistics to map the geographical distribution of lindane. The study was based on a 16 km × 16 km grid covering an area of ca 25 000 km2. Lindane was found in all soils, even those from non-agricultural-application areas. Very low ratios of α-/γ-HCH and δ-/γ-HCH suggested that a long time had passed since technical HCH was used in the studied area, or that emission sources of lindane were still present. A strong gradient in lindane concentration was observed, with the highest lindane concentrations in an area located in the northern region. Results suggested that some of the lindane observed in the high concentration area may have come from volatilization of old lindane applied to intensively cultivated areas, which was then transported by prevailing winds coming from the south-west and deposited in a densely inhabited depression.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle Villanneau) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192264v1
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[hal-01192212] Which persistent organic pollutants can we map in soil using a large spacing systematic soil monitoring design? A case study in Northern France
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) impact upon human and animal health and the wider environment. It is important to determine where POPs are found and the spatial pattern of POP variation. The concentrations of 90 molecules which are members of four families of POPs and two families of herbicides were measured within a region of Northern France as part of the French National Soil Monitoring Network (RMQS: Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols). We also gather information on five covariates (elevation, soil organic carbon content, road density, land cover and population density) which might influence POP concentrations. The study region contains 105 RMQS observation sites arranged on a regular square grid with spacing of 16 km. The observations include hot-spots at sites of POP application, smaller concentrations where POPs have been dispersed and observations less than the limit of quantification (LOQ) where the soil has not been impacted by POPs. Fifty nine of the molecules were detected at less than 50 sites and hence the data were unsuitable for spatial analyses. We represent the variation of the remaining 31 molecules by various linear mixed models which can include fixed effects (i.e. linear relationships between the molecule concentrations and covariates) and spatially correlated random effects. The best model for each molecule is selected by the Akaike Information Criterion. For nine of the molecules, spatial correlation is evident and hence they can potentially be mapped. For four of these molecules, the spatial correlation cannot be wholly explained by fixed effects. It appears that these molecules have been transported away from their application sites and are now dispersed across the study region with the largest concentrations found in a heavily populated depression. More complicated statistical models and sampling designs are required to explain the distribution of the less dispersed molecules.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Estelle Villanneau) 02 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01192212v1
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[hal-02698755] Thallium in french agrosystems. 1. Thallium contents in arable soils
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anne Tremel) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02698755v1
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[hal-02828472] Hétérogénéités spatiales générées par l'enfouissement de produits résiduaires organiques à l'échelle du profil cultural: impacts sur la dynamique des micropolluants organiques et minéraux
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Benoit) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02828472v1
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[hal-02839642] Observatoire de la qualité des sols. Rapport sur les travaux 1995-1998
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Arrouays) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02839642v1
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[hal-02828275] Pathways of transfer of Pb, Cd and Zn in highly contaminated soils
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (C. Schvartz) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02828275v1
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[hal-02759868] Comparison of three chemical extraction methods for assessing the availability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn to winter wheat
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02759868v1
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[hal-02770855] Trace elements uptake by wheat grains depending on soil types (QUASAR programme)
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02770855v1
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[hal-02669873] Of the necessity of knowledge of the natural pedo-geochemical background content in the evaluation of the contamination of soils by trace elements
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02669873v1
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[hal-01000803] Analyzing the spatial distribution of PCB concentrations in soils using below-quantification limit data
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly toxic environmental pollutants that can accumulate in soils. We consider the problem of explaining and mapping the spatial distribution of PCBs using a spatial data set of 105 PCB-187 measurements from a region in the north of France. A large proportion of our data (35%) fell below a quantification limit (QL), meaning that their concentrations could not be determined to a sufficient degree of precision. Where a measurement fell below this QL, the inequality information was all that we were presented with. In this work, we demonstrate a full geostatistical analysis-bringing together the various components, including model selection, cross-validation, and mapping using censored data to represent the uncertainty that results from below-QL observations. We implement a Monte Carlo maximum likelihood approach to estimate the geostatistical model parameters. To select the best set of explanatory variables for explaining and mapping the spatial distribution of PCB-187 concentrations, we apply the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The AIC provides a trade-off between the goodness-of-fit of a model and its complexity (i.e., the number of covariates). We then use the best set of explanatory variables to help interpolate the measurements via a Bayesian approach, and produce maps of the predictions. We calculate predictions of the probability of exceeding a concentration threshold, above which the land could be considered as contaminated. The work demonstrates some differences between approaches based on censored data and on imputed data (in which the below-QL data are replaced by a value of half of the QL). Cross-validation results demonstrate better predictions based on the censored data approach, and we should therefore have confidence in the information provided by predictions from this method.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas T. Orton) 04 Jun 2014
https://hal.science/hal-01000803v1
