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[hal-02698218] Les éléments traces métalliques et la qualité des sols. Impact à moyen et à long terme
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Chassin) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02698218v1
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[hal-04685789] Une tranche d’histoire de l’analyse des sols 1975 – 2006. Contribution du laboratoire d’analyses des sols (LAS) d’Arras
Cet article est le résultat d’un travail collectif dont l’objectif est de souligner quelques points majeurs ayant contribué significativement à l’évolution de l’unité, sur la période allant de 1975 jusqu’à 2006. On les classera en quelques grands thèmes : - L’évolution des demandes analytiques et des domaines d’intervention, - L’évolution des techniques d’analyses et de leur environnement (traitement de l’information, automatisation), - L’évolution des méthodes, - La gestion de la qualité, - Les changements dans les façons de travailler.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ciesielski Henri) 06 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04685789v1
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[hal-02656294] Influence du pH des sols sur les fractions d’éléments traces extraites (par une solution de CaCl2) ou diffusées (en présence de gels DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin films))
Les quantités d`éléments traces extraites dans les sols par des réactifs chimiques non tamponnés sont fortement influencées par le pH. Cette propriété est mise à profit dans ce travail pour comparer les quantités extraites par une solution de chlorure de calcium aux quantités diffusées au contact de gels DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films). Pour cela on utilise des sols pollués et non pollués, acides ou proches de la neutralité, ayant subi des apports croissants de carbonate de calcium. Les variations induites par le pH présentent de fortes similitudes pour les deux méthodes et peuvent se décrire à l`aide de relations de même nature. Pour l`ensemble des éléments traces étudiés (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) ainsi que pour le manganèse, on a pu améliorer les relations entre les quantités extraites et les quantités diffusées par la prise en compte du pH et de la teneur en carbone organique des sols considérés.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Henri H. Ciesielski) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02656294v1
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[hal-02669169] Evolution du pH et de la CEC de sols du Nord de la France en fonction des doses de chaulage (CaCO3). Influence du carbone organique
L`évolution du statut acido-basique de 35 sols agricoles du Nord de la France consécutive à des apports de carbonate de calcium a été étudiée. Les données utilisées proviennent d`essais réalisés en laboratoire et de mesures effectuées après une période d`incubation de deux mois. On montre que la détermination du carbone minéral solubilisé dans des extraits de sol en présence d`oxalate d`ammonium permet de détecter de faibles quantités de carbonate de calcium, inaccessibles aux méthodes de détermination volumétriques classiques à moins d`aménagements drastiques. Tant que la phase calcaire n`est pas en excès, l`augmentation du pH est reliée aux quantités de carbonate de calcium apportées par une relation qui pour être applicable à l`ensemble des sols examinés, ne fait intervenir que leurs seules teneurs en carbone organique selon : pH = pH0 + (10/[C]).[CaCO3]ajouté. Une autre relation est mise en évidence pour décrire les variations de la capacité d`échange cationique (CEC) en fonction de celles du pH. Elle conduit à un modèle proche de celui proposé précédemment pour estimer les quantités de carbonate de calcium nécessaires pour amener le pH des types de sols étudiés à une valeur donnée.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Henri H. Ciesielski) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02669169v1
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[hal-04236772] Comment développer un suivi de la biodiversité des sols français en s’appuyant sur le Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS) ?
Pour répondre au besoin de connaissances sur la biodiversité des sols, nous explorons la possibilité d’adosser un suivi de la biodiversité des sols au Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols (RMQS). Ce couplage a pour objectif de bénéficier du caractère opérationnel du RMQS et de croiser les informations sur la biodiversité avec les données déjà disponibles sur les sols. Des mesures de biodiversité sont d’ailleurs déjà effectuées sur les sites du RMQS. Un groupe de travail incluant des experts nationaux a conçu un questionnaire pour évaluer la compatibilité du plan d’échantillonnage du RMQS avec la surveillance de la biodiversité des sols et définir les caractéristiques de ce nouveau suivi (taxons et fonctions à suivre, protocoles, besoins matériels, humains et financiers). Ces mêmes experts ont ensuite répondu au questionnaire et les informations collectées ont été complétées lors d’entretiens individuels. Les avancées du projet ont été validées en réunions plénières. Au sortir de ces réflexions, il a été conclu que le plan d’échantillonnage du RMQS (maille de 16 km x 16 km, site d’étude de 400 m2, ré-échantillonnage de chaque site tous les 15 ans) convenait à un suivi de la biodiversité des sols. Cependant, les experts écologues ont mis en avant la nécessité d’effectuer l’échantillonnage de la mésofaune et de la macrofaune au printemps. Ils recommandent cinq protocoles qui permettent de suivre les micro-organismes, la microfaune, la mésofaune et la macrofaune du sol. Une mesure de la flore a aussi été intégrée avec le suivi de la banque de graines. Trois fonctions (macroporosité du sol due à l’activité des vers de terre, activités enzymatiques et dégradation de la matière organique) seraient également mesurées. Si le RMQS-Biodiversité est mis en place de manière pérenne et déployé sur les 2240 sites métropolitains, il devrait permettre de documenter de manière robuste la biogéographie des organismes du sol, de décrypter leurs liens avec les pratiques agricoles et possiblement la découverte de nouvelles espèces. Une réflexion complémentaire devra être engagée pour les sites ultra-marins.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Camille Imbert) 11 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04236772v2
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[hal-02832837] Constitution d'un référentiel pédogéochimique régional : méthodologie et premiers résultats
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02832837v1
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[hal-02833352] Dérogations relatives à la réglementation sur l'épandage des boues de stations d'épuration. Comment formuler une demande pour les sols à teneurs naturelles élevées en éléments traces métalliques ?
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02833352v1
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[hal-02841788] Ecotoxicologie des boues de la station d'épuration d'Achères
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Martine Tercé) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02841788v1
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[hal-02833088] Contamination des sols vers la profondeur à Noyelles-Godault et Auby
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02833088v1
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[hal-02827241] Épandages de boues d'épurations urbaines sur des terres agricoles : impact sur la composition en éléments traces des sols et des grains de blé
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 07 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02827241v1
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[hal-02806947] Teneurs en éléments traces et facteurs d’enrichissement dans les sols agricoles en Nord-Pas-De-Calais
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02806947v1
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[hal-02759312] Levels of soil contamination in France by trace elements as assessed from total concentrations
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02759312v1
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[hal-02758552] Le facteur d'enrichissement : un indicateur local et spatial de la contamination anthropique des sols
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hocine Bourennane) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02758552v1
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[hal-02751828] Mapping of trace element contents and enrichment factors in topsoils in the Nord-Pas de Calais region (France)
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 03 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02751828v1
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[hal-02694470] Cadmium availability to three plant species varying in cadmium accumulation pattern
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (E. Gerard) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02694470v1
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[hal-02680391] Assessment of the contamination of cultivated soils by eighteen trace elements around smelters in the north of France
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 01 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02680391v1
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[hal-02669136] Épandages de boues d'épurations urbaines sur des terres agricoles : impacts sur la composition en éléments en traces des sols et des grains de blé tendre
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02669136v1
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[hal-02676607] Phytodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les grains de blé
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02676607v1
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[hal-02669405] Factors affecting trace element concentrations in soils developed on recent marine deposits from northern France
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02669405v1
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[hal-02661714] Contamination of urban soils in an area of Northern France polluted by dust emissions of two smelters
The contamination of 27 urban topsoils has been assessed around two lead and zinc smelters (Metaleurop Nord and Umicore) in the North of France. Eighteen trace elements have been analysed (Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, In, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, Th, U and Zn). The investigation included the study of the vertical distribution of Cd, Pb and Zn as indicators of pollution. It was shown that Cd, In, Pb, Sb and Zn were major pollutants followed in lesser quantities by Ag, Bi, Cu and Hg. In addition, As, Ni, Se, Sn and Tl were present at levels slightly higher than regional agricultural values. The other elements (Co, Cr, Th and U) were at endogenous levels. The observations have highlighted the strong heterogeneity of the physico-chemical parameters of urban soils and the existence of heavy contamination of the under layers by Cd, Pb and Zn. A potential transfer of metals from the topsoil to the deeper layers and especially Cd and Zn, is not excluded. Indeed the soil rework is not the only factor explaining contamination level of the deeper layers of the studied soils. The comparison of the studied element concentrations in urban soils with nearby local agricultural values shows that the dust emission originating from the Metaleurop and Umicore smelters were not the only source of contamination. Thus a large contamination of the studied urban soils by Sb and In could be explained by domestic combustion of coal for heating.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Francis Douay) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02661714v1
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[hal-01000031] Les éléments en traces dans les sols agricoles du Nord - Pas de Calais- II. Cartographie des enrichissements dans les horizons de surface
La région Nord - Pas de Calais est une région très densément peuplée qui a été profondément affectée par des industries lourdes, l'exploitation minière du charbon dans le passé et une agriculture intensive, toujours active. Un jeu de données a été constitué en rassemblant des teneurs en éléments en traces mesurées dans le cadre de différentes études menées sur les sols agricoles de la région. Des facteurs d'enrichissements (FE) ont été calculés en chaque site pour 18 éléments en traces et 250 solums en utilisant l'aluminium comme élément géochimique de référence et un horizon profond ou le matériau parental supposé non contaminé par les activités humaines. L'analyse variographique a révélé que seulement huit métaux traces (Bi, Cd, Cu, In, Pb, Sn, Tl, Zn) sont spatialement corrélés, ce qui a permis d'utiliser la simulation séquentielle gaussienne pour la spatialisation de leurs FE. Le Cd montre un net enrichissement (FE le plus souvent compris entre 3 et 10, parfois plus) sur la quasi-totalité du territoire régional tandis que le Zn et le Pb montrent de forts enrichissements localement (FE de 3 à 30) à proximité immédiate d'usines de production de ces métaux (Auby, Noyelles-Godault, Mortagne-du-Nord) ou de grandes agglomérations (Dunkerque, Lille, Valenciennes, Est du bassin minier). Le Bi, le Cu et le Sn montrent des enrichissements modérés (de 1,5 à 3) sur la moitié du territoire régional, principalement autour des plus grandes villes et des usines de production de Pb et Zn. L'indium et le Tl présentent des FE de 1 à 1,5 sur l'ensemble du territoire avec des valeurs plus élevées en certaines zones urbanisées ou industrialisées. Les cartes de spatialisation des FE, rapprochées de celle de l'occupation du territoire par les activités humaines, montrent les origines principalement industrielle, urbaine et routière des enrichissements en Pb et Zn, de même que ceux, nettement plus faibles en Bi, In et Tl. Les enrichissements en Cu, Sn et Cd comporteraient quant à eux une origine agricole plus importante que ceux des précédents éléments. Certains éléments non spatialement corrélés présentent des FE nettement supérieurs à 1 en moyenne. C'est le cas de Hg, Mn, Mo, Sb et Se. Ces enrichissements ont probablement en partie une origine humaine mais l'impossibilité de modéliser leur distribution spatiale n'a pas permis de les relier aux activités anthropiques. Enfin, As, Co, Cr, Ni et V ne semblent pas avoir été apportés dans les sols par les activités humaines, puisqu'ils présentent des FE proches de 1 et, de plus, non reliés à l'occupation du territoire. Pour certains éléments, les quantités apportées par les activités humaines et stockées dans l'horizon de surface ont été estimées. Les plus importantes sont celles du Pb et du Zn, de l'ordre de 60 000 T. Viennent ensuite le Cu, avec environ 15 000 t, le Sn (environ 2 000 t) et le Cd (environ 1 100 t).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 29 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01000031v1
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[hal-02659029] Mapping of anthropogenic trace elements inputs in agricultural topsoil from Northern France using enrichment factors
Anthropogenic trace element contamination of soils in the densely populated and industrialized Nord-Pas de Calais region (France) was quantified using enrichment factors (EFs). Total concentrations of Al and 18 trace elements (As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, In, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, and Zn) were determined in 252 sampling sites both in topsoil and deep horizons of soils developed from sedimentary materials. Thus, at each sampling site an enrichment factor was computed for each of the 18 trace elements as the ratio between total concentrations of the trace element in topsoil and deep horizons in the same soil pit, normalized by concentrations of Al measured in the same horizons and the same pit. To estimate EF values at unsampled locations and then to assess the spatial magnitude of anthropogenic trace element contamination over the whole study area (12400 km(2)), variography analysis was used to quantify the spatial structure of each EF. Results have shown that values of 8 EFs are spatially correlated. These EFs were thus mapped using the sequential Gaussian simulation technique. One hundred horizon samples from 50 supplementary sites were analysed for the structured trace elements and Al contents and used for the mapping validation. Results of the validation based on the accuracy plots and goodness statistics (G and D) allowed us to conclude that EF maps exhibited high certainty in regard to the validation data set. In addition, results have shown that E-type estimates were accurate when they are used to estimate the measured EF value of the validation data set. Accordingly, these maps were used to discuss the origin of patches of surface horizon enrichment displaying an exogenous input of the trace elements investigated. The whole study area under discussion is strongly enriched with cadmium, originating from both industrial and agricultural activities. Surface horizons also exhibit locally high levels of Pb and Zn enrichment, mainly around well-known former or current industrial sites. However. Pb and Zn enriched surface horizons are far less widespread than those enriched in Cd. Higher Cu, Bi and Sn EF values were observed in the northern part of the region studied than in the southern part. The dissimilarity underlined a rather diffuse contamination from the urbanized zone in the north to the rural zone in the south of the region. The enrichment of surface horizons by In and Tl seems insignificant. Some unstructured EFs were attributes to point-source enrichments.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hocine Bourennane) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659029v1
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[hal-02654027] Les éléments en traces dans les sols agricoles du Nord-Pas-de-Calais : I. Étude et cartographie des teneurs des horizons de surface
La base de données utilisée pour la présente étude rassemble des populations d’analyses de sols provenant de cinq sources correspondant chacune à une stratégie d’échantillonnage différente et à un objectif distinct. Au total, 3 929 analyses réalisées entre 1990 et 2007 ont été collectées : elles provenaient presque exclusivement d’horizons de surface de sols agricoles. Outre les concentrations en ETM, les principales caractéristiques agro-pédologiques et les coordonnées géographiques, la base de données contient également des informations sur l’occupation du sol et sur la nature du matériau parental. Dans le Nord -Pas-de-Calais affleurent des roches sédimentaires variées, souvent recouvertes par des dépôts éoliens limoneux, mais tous ces matériaux montrent des teneurs naturelles faibles en ETM. Les différentes stratégies d’échantillonnage se sont assez bien complétées et ont permis une bonne couverture du territoire régional et des diverses causes de contaminations anthropiques : aussi bien les sources diffuses que celles très ponctuelles. Ont été réalisés divers traitements tels que : statistiques régionales descriptives ; examen de la localisation des valeurs anomaliques ; cartographies mono-élémentaires par krigeage ; vision multi-élémentaire grâce à un indice numérique additif très simple. Un fort contraste apparaît entre des secteurs fortement influencés par des contaminations voire des pollutions multimétalliques (zones riveraines de l’agglomération lilloise, environs immédiats de grands sites industriels) et les zones rurales qui ne montrent pas de contaminations nettes à l’exception du cadmium apporté par la fertilisation phosphatée. Outre une vision spatiale des teneurs pour les 8 principaux éléments traces, les traitements ont permis d’avoir une bonne connaissance statistique des teneurs usuelles en stratifiant par matériaux parentaux et par petites régions naturelles. Ces « teneurs agricoles habituelles » (TAH) ainsi stratifiées peuvent être correctement estimées en considérant toutes les valeurs comprises entre le percentile 10 et le percentile 90. Ces TAH peuvent être utilisées comme valeurs de référence plus appropriées que de simples statistiques calculées à l’échelon régional ou départemental, tout particulièrement dans le cadre de l’interprétation de l’état des milieux ou pour proposer aux services santé-environnement des Agences Régionales de Santé des valeurs seuils de sélection pour prendre en compte tel ou tel élément trace dans une évaluation des risques sanitaires.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02654027v1
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[hal-00755525] Earthworm indicators as tools for soil monitoring, characterization and risk assessment. An example from the national Bioindicator programme (France)
Considering the limited number of bioindicators available to assess soil quality, a national research programme was set up in France to develop such indicators (2006-2012), the "Bioindicator" programme. This programme tested 47 biological parameters (i.e. microorganisms, fauna, flora) including earthworms, in several sites differing in terms of land use, contamination type - PAHs or metals - and pollution levels. The present study proposes some study objectives for bioindicator approaches, based on the earthworm results from the programme. Therefore, different earthworm descriptors were tested at the community level (e.g. abundance, biomass, species and functional structures, and ecological traits) as well as the organism level (i.e. measuring the metallothionein coding gene expression level in earthworms). The present results, obtained from the programme's spring 2009 sampling campaign, discriminated among the different descriptors and showed that earthworm and endogeic abundance as well as the individual weight of endogeics seem to be good indicators in non-contaminated (cultivated) sites, while the ecological structure, namely the proportion of anecic vs. endogeic species, and the proportion of non-vulnerable species should be used as indicators of contaminated soils. Furthermore, the first results obtained for Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus rubellus are encouraging as they show that metallothionein expression increases in metal-contaminated soils. The relevance of these descriptors, which have to be considered in study objectives, requires the analysis of 2010 results.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guénola Pérès) 29 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-00755525v1
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[hal-01486268] Trace elements in soils developed in sedimentary materials from Northern France
A pedo-geochemical survey was carried out in the Nord-Pas de Calais region (France) on soils developed in sedimentary materials to estimate their baseline geochemistry and the effect of selected factors on it. Total concentrations of Al, Fe and 18 trace elements, as well as common soil characteristics, were determined in samples from 271 surface and 487 deep horizons developed in 22 sedimentary rocks and superficial deposits. Compared with the upper continental crust, the parent materials are enriched with most of the trace elements, particularly with As, Cd, Sb and Se, and are impoverished in Cu. Calcareous rocks from the Carboniferous, Cretaceous and Jurassic eras are often enriched in Cd. Correlation analysis shows that the least mobile (i.e. ionic potential (Z/r) ranges from 3 to 7) geogenic elements (Bi, Co, Cr, Cu, In, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, V, Zn) are associated with the < 2 μm fraction (which we define as “lutum”). More mobile elements (As, Cd, Hg, Mn, Mo, Sb, Se) are less strongly associated with this fraction. Cadmium is particularly associated with Mn. Topsoils are enriched with all the trace elements examined, except Co, Cr and Ni, probably because of anthropogenic contamination. The amount of Pb introduced into the soils of the entire region (12 450 km2) by human diffuse contamination is estimated to be 45 000 metric tonnes. Organic matter seems to act as a sink for numerous exogenous trace elements. The distribution of [trace element]/([Al] or [Fe]) in the deep soil horizons from Nord-Pas de Calais gives the background contents for soils developed from most sedimentary materials from the Brussels–London and the Parisian basins.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 09 Mar 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01486268v1
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[hal-01486241] Trace element distributions in soils developed in loess deposits from northern France
A pedo-geochemical survey was carried out in the Nord-Pas de Calais region (France) on soils developed in loess deposits. Total concentrations of Al, Fe and 18 trace elements, as well as common soil characteristics, were determined in samples from 52 surface and 97 deep horizons developed in these loess deposits. The Pb isotopic composition was determined in two sola. The composition of deep horizons, compared with that of the upper continental crust, with that of horizons developed from 21 other sedimentary rocks from the region and with that of loess from various parts of the world, confirms that loess from the Nord-Pas de Calais region derives from multi-recycled and well-mixed ancient sedimentary rocks. Correlation analysis shows that least mobile (i.e. ionic potential (Z/r) is between 3 and 7) geogenic elements (Bi, Co, Cr, Cu, In, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, V, Zn) are associated with the fraction <2 µm (which we define as 'lutum'). More mobile elements (As, Cd, Hg, Mn, Mo, Sb, Se) are less associated with this fraction. Cadmium is particularly linked to Mn. The distribution of [trace element]/([Al] or [Fe]) in the French loess gives the background content for soils developed from most sedimentary materials in northwestern Europe. Topsoils are enriched with all the trace elements examined, except Co, Cr and Ni. Enrichments with Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn are greater in cultivated soils than in forest soils. Enrichments with Pb and with Cu, Hg, Mo, Sb, Se and Sn are mainly due to human contamination through atmospheric fallout. Organic matter seems to act as a sink for all the exogenous trace elements.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thibault Sterckeman) 09 Mar 2017
https://hal.science/hal-01486241v1
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[hal-01199208] Epandages de boues d’épuration urbaines sur des terres agricoles : impacts sur la composition en éléments en traces des sols et des grains de blé tendre
Les éléments traces métalliques (ETM – cadmium, chrome, cuivre, mercure, nickel, plomb, zinc, etc.) sont des constituants indésirables des boues d’épuration urbaines. Comme certains d’entre eux sont potentiellement toxiques et ne présentent aucun intérêt agronomique, leur présence génère une certaine inquiétude, parfaitement compréhensible lorsqu’il est question d’épandre ces déchets sur des sols destinés à produire des aliments pour l’Homme ou les animaux (CTP, 2000 ; Borraz, 2000 ; Tercé, 2001 ; Barbier et Lupton, 2003 ; Nicourt et Girault, 2003). On doit noter cependant que, sous le même vocable, on peut trouver des boues de compositions extrêmement diverses, selon qu’il s’agit de petites stations de bourgs ruraux ou de grosses stations d’une grande agglomération industrielle. D’où l’importance de bien connaître et de bien suivre la concentration en ETM dans les boues d’épuration produites.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Denis Baize) 15 Sep 2015
https://hal.science/hal-01199208v1
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[hal-00829418] Assessing the in situ bioavailability of trace elements to snails using accumulation kinetics.
In this study, the accumulation kinetics of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and antimony(Sb) were determined for 3 industrially impacted sites to assess the bioavailability of these contaminantsto the garden snail (Cantareus aspersus). Mono and multivariate regressions allowed the identificationof cation exchange capacity (CEC), silts and organic carbon content as the soil parameters modulatingthe in situ bioavailability of Cd and Pb. For all elements, the total concentrations in the soils were notgood predictor (not significant correlation) of the bioavailability to snails. The Cd, As and Sb assimilationfluxes were correlated with the calcium chloride (CaCl2) extract concentrations, but this correlationwas not observed with Pb. The total soil concentration coupled with soil properties best explained thevariation in Pb assimilation, whereas their influences on Cd bioavailability were lower, signifying thatother parameters such as contamination sources may modulate Cd bioavailability. Here, the As and Sbin situ accumulation kinetics are described for the first time and highlighted a slight bioavailability tosnails at the studied sites. The absence of a correlation between the As or Sb assimilation fluxes andtotal metals in the soil coupled with the absence of influence of soil properties on their bioavailabilitymay result from the speciation of these metalloids, which are known to modulate their mobility in soils.This study highlights the need to consider both physico-chemical and biological aspects of metal andmetalloid bioavailability to assess the risk of metal transfer from soil to organisms.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Benjamin Pauget) 03 Jun 2013
https://hal.science/hal-00829418v1
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[hal-04719699] Technical note: A validated correction method to quantify organic and inorganic carbon in soils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis
Soils contain large amounts of carbon stored as organic carbon and carbonates. These carbon pools can contribute to climate regulation and are of primary importance in ensuring proper soil functioning. However, their accurate quantification remains a complex task. Rock-Eval ® thermal analysis has emerged as an alternative to classic dry combustion and wet methods due to its ability to simultaneously provide organic and inorganic carbon measurements on the same subsample. However, it has been observed that Rock-Eval ® systematically underestimates the soil organic carbon (SOC) while overestimating the soil inorganic carbon (SIC). In this technical note, we propose a validated correction of both SOC and SIC based on a machine-learning model and using a diverse dataset of 240 soil samples. We show that the proposed correction significantly increases the accuracy of the Rock-Eval ® method when compared to reference SOC and SIC values and applied to the dataset used for training and testing and that it can be successfully applied to data originating from different Rock-Eval ® machines without changing the routine analytical protocol. The transferability of the model allows for its future implementation in the Geoworks software so that Rock-Eval ® machines can routinely provide accurate SIC and SOC measurements.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marija Stojanova) 03 Oct 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04719699v1
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[hal-04414506] The epoxiconazole and tebuconazole fungicides impair granulosa cells functions partly through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling with contrasted effects in obese, normo-weight and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), frequently associated to obesity, is the main reproductive disorder in women in age to procreate. Some evidence suggests that pesticides can result in alterations of the female reproductive system, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Here, we detected two fungicides, Tebuconazole (Tb) and Epoxiconazole (Epox) in the soils and waters of French area. Our hypothesis is that these two triazoles could be associated to the etiology of PCOS. We used the human KGN cell line and primary human granulosa cells (hGCs) from different group of patients: normal weight non PCOS (NW), normal weight PCOS (PCOS NW), obese (obese) and obese PCOS (PCOS obese). We exposed in vitro these cells to Tb and Epox from 0 up to 10 mM for 24 and 48 h and analysed cell viability and steroidogenesis. In hGCs NW, cell viability was reduced from 12.5 µM for Tb and 75 µM for Epox. In hGCs NW, Epox decreased progesterone (Pg) and estradiol (E2) secretions and inhibited STAR, HSD3B and CYP19A1 mRNA expressions from 25 µM and increased AHR mRNA expression from 75 µM. Tb exposure also reduced steroid secretion and STAR and CYP19A1 mRNA expressions and increased AHR mRNA expression but at cytotoxic concentrations. Silencing of AHR in KGN cells reduced inhibitory effects of Tb and Epox on steroid secretion. Tb and Epox exposure decreased more steroid secretion in hGCs from obese, PCOS NW and PCOS obese groups than in NW group. Moreover, we found a higher gene expression of AHR within these three groups. Taken together, both Epox and Tb reduced steroidogenesis in hGCs through partly AHR and Tb was more cytotoxic than Epox. These triazoles alter more strongly PCOS and/or obese hGCs suggesting that human with reproductive disorders are more sensitive to triazoles exposure.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïse Serra) 24 Jan 2024
https://brgm.hal.science/hal-04414506v1
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[hal-01818267] Amendment of soil by biochars and activated carbons to reduce chlordecone bioavailability in piglets
Chlordecone (Kepone or CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in French West Indies. Nowadays high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils which represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals. In that context, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) are believed to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such compounds when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends to test the respective efficiency of soil amendment strategies using commercial ACs or biochars (obtained by a 500°C or 700°C pyrolysis of 4 distinct type of wood). This study involved three experimental steps. The first one characterized specific surface areas of biochars and ACs. The second one assessed CLD-availability of contaminated artificial soils (50 µg.g-1 of Dry Matter) amended with 5% of biochar or AC (mass basis). The third one assessed CLD bioavailability of those artificial soils through an in vivo assay. To limit ethically the number of animals, selections of the most promising media were performed between each experimental steps. Forty four castrated male 40-day-old piglets were exposed during 10 day to amended artificial soils according their group (n=4). Only treatment groups exposed through amended soil with AC presented a significant decrease of concentrations of CLD in liver and adipose tissue in comparison with the control group (p<0.001). A non-significant decrease was obtained by amending artificial soil with biochars. This decrease was particularly high for a coconut shell activated carbon were relative bioavailability was found lower than 3.2% for both tissues. This study leads to conclude that AC introduced in CLD contaminated soil should strongly reduce CLD bioavailability.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Matthieu Delannoy) 10 Mar 2022
https://hal.science/hal-01818267v1
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[hal-04104434] Pesticide Residues in French Soils: Occurrence, Risks, and Persistence
Contamination of the environment by pesticide residues is a growing concern given their widespread presence in the environment and their effects on ecosystems. Only a few studies have addressed the occurrence of pesticides in soils, and their results highlighted the need for further research on the persistence and risks induced by those substances. We monitored 111 pesticide residues (48 fungicides, 36 herbicides, 25 insecticides and/or acaricides, and two safeners) in 47 soils sampled across France under various land uses (arable lands, vineyards, orchards, forests, grasslands, and brownfields). Pesticides were found in 98% of the sites (46 of the 47 sampled), including untreated areas such as organic fields, forests, grasslands, and brownfields, with up to 33 different substances detected in one sample, mostly fungicides and herbicides. The concentrations of herbicides were the highest in soils with glyphosate, and its transformation product, AMPA, contributed 70% of the cumulative herbicides. Risk assessment underlined a moderate to high risk for earthworms in arable soils mostly attributed to insecticides and/or acaricides. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application by farmers underlines the presence of some residues long after their supposed 90% degradation and at concentrations higher than predicted environmental concentrations, leading to questions their real persistence in soils.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 24 May 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04104434v1
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[hal-03556753] Rôle du silicium dans la culture du blé en France : biodisponibilité, bioaccumulation et effet sur les rendements
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Dominique Meunier) 04 Feb 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03556753v1
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[hal-02534172] Improvement in spectral library-based quantification of soil properties using representative spiking and local calibration – The case of soil inorganic carbon prediction by mid-infrared spectroscopy
Mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) is time- and cost-effective. It was used for quantifying soil inorganic carbon (SIC) concentration in France based on a national library, and performances were evaluated on an independent regional set. Our objective was to improve the accuracy of MIRS predictions based on common multivariate regression, through spiking (enrichment of the national library with some representative target samples) with possible extra-weighting (replication of spiking samples) and local calibration (only using calibration samples that are spectral neighbours of each target samples), which have not been fully explored yet, in combination especially.Global (i.e. common) calibration yielded accurate prediction (standard error of prediction, SEP, was ≈ 5 g kg−1), which could be improved when the library was completed with spiking samples (optimally 10 samples extra-weighted 40 times; SEP = 3.3 g kg−1). Using spiking samples only (without the library) yielded slightly less accurate results (SEP = 3.6 g kg−1). Prediction was more accurate using local calibration without spiking, but on a validation set that was reduced because some validation samples lacked calibration neighbours (SEP = 2.5–2.7 g kg−1). Local calibration with spiking (optimally 10 samples without extra-weight) yielded somewhat less accurate prediction but for the full validation set when few calibration neighbours were required (SEP = 2.7 g kg−1), or higher accuracy on the reduced validation set when many neighbours were required (SEP = 2.3 g kg−1).These accurate predictions demonstrated the usefulness of representative spiking and local calibration for rendering large soil spectral libraries fully operational, while extra-weighting had no additional benefit. Along with more exhaustive spectral libraries, this paves the way for extensive use of MIRS for SIC determination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bernard G. Barthès) 20 May 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02534172v1
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[hal-03247380] Spatial variations, origins, and risk assessments of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in French soils
Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants produced by anthropogenic activities that contaminate all environmental spheres, including soils. This study focused on PAHs measured in 2154 soils in France, covering the entire territory based on a regular sampling grid. The quantified concentrations in the Σ15 PAHs ranged from 5.1 to 31 200 µg kg−1, with a median value of 32.6 µg kg−1, and PAHs were detected in 70 % of the soil samples. The map of Σ15 PAH concentrations revealed strong spatial variations in soil contamination throughout France, with larger concentrations in soils of industrial regions and near major cities. PAH molecular diagnostic ratios support the historical origin of PAHs in the northern part of France being linked to the significant emissions of PAHs in Europe during the industrial period of 1850–1950, in particular with the contribution of coal and/or biomass combustion and iron–steel production. A health risk assessment conducted for the residential population resulted in a median value of 1.07 × 10−8 in total lifetime cancer risk, with only 20 sites above the limit of 10−6 and one above the limit of 10−5 adopted by the French government. These results reveal the need to conduct large-scale studies on soil contamination to determine the fate of PAHs and evaluate the risks induced by soil pollution at a country-level scale.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Claire Froger) 02 Jan 2024
https://minesparis-psl.hal.science/hal-03247380v1
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[hal-01904542] Prediction of total silicon concentrations in French soils using pedotransfer functions from mid-infrared spectrum and pedological attributes
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element of the Earth's crust, and its terrestrial cycle depends on soil, vegetation, and human activities. The spatial extent of terrestrial Si perturbation is poorly documented since maps of Si concentration in soils are rare. In addition, Si content is rarely measured in non-paddy soil databases. Here we demonstrate that pedotransfer functions based on either pedological attributes (particle size fraction, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate and parent material) or mid infrared spectra (MIRS) can be used to accurately predict total Si concentration. In this research, we utilised a unique dataset from the French monitoring network of soil quality (RMQS - Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols) database. Pedotransfer functions were built using a regression tree model on a subset of the data for which total Si concentration was measured. To compare the relative performance of the models obtained for the two different sources of data, a suite of performance indicators were calculated. Our results showed that PTF based on MIR spectra produces highly accurate and precise estimates of the total Si concentration for French soils. The pedological PTF is less accurate, but still provides a good estimation of the Si concentration. The pedological PTF provides an alternative method when only basic soil data are available, and an approximate estimation of Si concentrations is sufficient. These PTFs can be readily applied at the European scale except on a few soil groups not represented in France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (A. Landré) 25 Oct 2018
https://hal.science/hal-01904542v1
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[hal-02503457] Do climate and land use affect the pool of total silicon concentration? A digital soil mapping approach of French topsoils
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust after O. Its concentration in soils is highly variable from <1% to greater than 45%. Parent material is well known to be a major parameter for explaining this variability. In this study, we proposed to analyze the impact of climate and land use on the total Si concentration in soils and to explore the link between total Si and plant available Si (PAS). To do so, we based our analysis on the French soil monitoring network considering the upper soil horizon that was thought to be the most impacted by both the effect of land use and climate and was also the most important horizon in terms of plant availability. In order to extract the impact of climate and land use and for digital mapping purposes, we stratified the database by parent material and soil-types. This stratification was based on the classification used in the 1:100,000 French soil map and 1:100,000 French soil parent material map. For non carbonated soils, we showed that Si concentrations was decreasing with annual rainfall, evidencing a climatic effect on the total Si concentration of French topsoils. No significant effect of the land used could be identified. At last, we showed that PAS (by the CaCl2 method) is negatively weakly correlated to total Si concentration. This relationship is however variable among soil classes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amélia Landré) 10 Mar 2020
https://hal.science/hal-02503457v1
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[hal-02652685] The impact of redox conditions on the rare earth element signature of redoximorphic features in a soil sequence developed from limestone
Redox processes, which are widespread in soils, need to be quantified for an improved comprehension of the dynamics of Fe- and Mn-oxides and their associated trace elements. The classical methodology used to study these redox processes generally relies on the quantification of all mineral species in the various pedological features that can be related to different redox stages. However, this approach usually encounters the difficulty of precisely quantifying the different forms of poorly crystallised Fe- and Mn-oxides. In this study, we use the signature of rare earth elements (REEs) to visualise and, eventually, quantify the importance of redox processes in soils. Our approach relies on that developed by Laveuf et al. (2008) and the idea that the relative contribution to the mobilisation of REEs that is made by the primary minerals reactive to redox conditions depends on the following factors: (i) their initial proportion in the different pedological features that can be related to various redox processes, (ii) their relative mobilisation during the redox process in question, and (iii) their initial REE signatures. The catena studied is characterised by two stages of redox conditions: the first is related to the formation and subsequent dissolution of Fe–Mn concretions, and the second is related to the bleaching of the soil matrix due to morphological degradation. In this soil, the main minerals reactive to redox conditions are Mn-oxides, ferrihydrite, goethite and (fluor)apatite. The results indicate that the primary redox conditions can be characterised by a positive Ce anomaly on the REE pattern, which has been attributed to a preferential immobilisation of this element, due to its association with Mn-oxides. The results also indicate that the secondary redox conditions can be characterised by depletion in medium REEs (MREEs) in the REE pattern, which has been attributed to a preferential release of these elements during the dissolution of (fluor)apatite and, to a lesser extent, of ferrihydrite. These results emphasise the potential of REE signatures of the visualisation of the various redox processes that have been active in a soil. Additionally, REE signatures are a proxy of the frequency and intensity of the redox conditions. Highlights ► Identification of redoximorphic features. ► Speciation of rare earth elements in redoximorphic features. ► Impact of redox conditions on rare earth mobilization. ► Interpretation of changes in speciation and of fractionations. ► Use of rare earth elements as tracers of redox processes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Cédric Laveuf) 29 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02652685v1
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[hal-02659648] Location of trace elements in unpolluted soils by a combined method.
A sequential extraction procedure was combined with physical fractionation and mineralogy to determine the distribution of trace elements (TE) among the different phases of a poorly weathered sample. It was first fractionated into five particle-size fractions. Two of these were selected for sequential extractions on the basis of their contrasting mineralogical compositions. A five-step sequential extraction scheme was employed. The studied sample is mostly composed of hornblende, quartz, and feldspars. Early weathering has already occurred, resulting in the formation of smectite and oxides. Sequential extractions show that the studied elements are mostly associated with the residual phases. Hornblende was the main TE bearer of the primary minerals, whereas TEs released through weathering precipitated in both smectite and oxides. Oxides were found to scavenge copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) more efficiently than smectite. Copper and nickel (Ni) were more concentrated in smectite than in hornblende.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 30 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02659648v1
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[hal-04314240] In vitro exposure to triazoles used as fungicides impairs human granulosa cells steroidogenesis
Triazoles are the main components of fungicides used in conventional agriculture. Some data suggests that they may be endocrine disruptors. Here, we found five triazoles, prothioconazole, metconazole, difenoconazole, tetraconazole, and cyproconazole, in soil or water from the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. We then studied their effects from 0.001 µM to 1000 µM for 48 h on the steroidogenesis and cytotoxicity of ovarian cells from patients in this region and the human granulosa line KGN. In addition, the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) nuclear receptor in KGN cells was studied. Overall, all triazoles reduced the secretion of progesterone, estradiol, or both at doses that were non-cytotoxic but higher than those found in the environment. This was mainly associated, depending on the triazole, with a decrease in the expression of CYP51, STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, or HSD3B proteins, or a combination thereof, in hGCs and KGN cells and an increase in AHR in KGN cells.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Loïse Serra) 29 Nov 2023
https://brgm.hal.science/hal-04314240v1
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[hal-02666811] Consequences of aggregation for the trace element distribution in the subsoil of a Planosol naturally rich in trace-metal
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie S. Cornu) 31 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02666811v1
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[hal-01173771] The state of the soils in France in 2011 - A synthesis
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Véronique Antoni) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01173771v1
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[hal-01173741] L'état des sols de France
Ce livre met à la disposition d’un large public le premier état des lieux sur la qualité des sols de France métropolitaine et des Outre-mer. Il repose sur un important travail d’acquisition et d’exploitation de données réalisé par le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique Sol depuis 10 ans. Après avoir décrit les différentes fonctions des sols dans nos sociétés puis leur diversité, le cœur de l’ouvrage examine et synthétise les données acquises sur l’état chimique, biologique et physique des sols. Bien que subsistent encore de fortes incertitudes, cet état des lieux souligne les principales inquiétudes relatives à l’évolution de la qualité des sols mais met aussi en évidence certains points positifs. En effet, les sols sont le support des activités agricoles et sylvicoles et les garants de notre sécurité alimentaire. En interagissant avec les autres milieux, ils assurent des services essentiels à l’Homme et à l’environnement. Pourtant, ils restent encore largement méconnus, car leur présence est le plus souvent occultée par la végétation, les habitations ou les infrastructures qui les recouvrent. Or, les sols constituent une ressource naturelle dont la destruction est difficilement réversible et la réhabilitation très coûteuse. Leurs usages et leur devenir représentent un enjeu collectif majeur pour le développement durable. La connaissance de leur état et de son évolution est donc primordiale tant pour le maintien des activités humaines que pour la préservation de la qualité de notre environnement. Considérant « le sol » comme un enjeu insuffisamment connu, le Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique sur les sols, le Gis Sol, a été créé en 2001 par plusieurs acteurs publics. Il contribue aujourd’hui par cette première synthèse nationale à l’amélioration des connaissances sur les sols et à leur plus large appropriation par les citoyens, les décideurs ou les aménageurs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Véronique Antoni) 13 Dec 2021
https://hal.science/hal-01173741v1
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[hal-04736442] Loiret, Meung-sur-Loire, ZAC Synergie Val-de-Loire, les Bouillants et la Maison Neuve : De l'établissement aristocratique laténien à l'exploitation rurale antique : rapport de fouille
L’opération de fouille préventive de Meung-sur-Loire (Loiret) est liée à l’implantation d’une plateforme logistique au sein de la Zac Synergie Val-de-Loire aux lieux-dits La Maison Neuve et Les Bouillants. Le projet s’étend sur deux zones distinctes. Au nord la Zone A au lieu-dit La Maison Neuve. Au sud la Zone B au lieu-dit Les Bouillants . Le secteur avait été largement diagnostiqué (12,6%) en 2015 par le Service d’Archéologie Préventive du Conseil Départemental du Loiret. La fouille est la quatrième effectuée sur cette zone auxquelles s’ajoutent sept opérations de diagnostic, offrant ainsi la possibilité de mieux caractériser la nature et l’étendue des différents vestiges mis au jour, ainsi que leurs éventuels rapports chronologiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Philippe Gay) 15 Oct 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04736442v1
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[hal-02633744] Sustainability of an in situ aided phytostabilisation on highly contaminated soils using fly ashes: Effects on the vertical distribution of physicochemical parameters and trace elements
Aided phytostabilisation using trees and fly ashes is a promising technique which has shown its effectiveness in the management of highly metal-contaminated soils. However, this success is generally established based on topsoil physicochemical analysis and short-term experiments. This paper focuses on the long-term effects of the afforestation and two fly ashes (silico-aluminous and sulfo-calcic called FA1 and FA2, respectively) by assessing the integrity of fly ashes 10 years after their incorporation into the soil as well as the vertical distribution of the physicochemical parameters and trace elements (TEs) in the amended soils (F1 and F2) in comparison with a non-amended soil (R). Ten years after the soil treatment, the particle size distribution analysis between fly ashes and their corresponding masses (fly ash + soil particles) showed a loss or an agglomeration of finer particles. This evolution matches with the appearance of gypsum (CaSO4 2H(2)O) in FA2m instead of anhydrite (CaSO4), which is the major compound of FA2. This finding corresponds well with the dissolution and the lixiviation of Ca, S and P included in FA2 along the F2 soil profile, generating an accumulation of these elements at 30 cm depth. However, no variation of TE contamination was found between 0 and 25 cm depth in F2 soil except for Cd. Conversely, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg enrichment was observed at 25 cm depth in the F1 soil, whereas no enrichment was observed for As. The fly ashes studied, and notably FA2, were able to reduce Cd, Pb and Zn availability in soil and this capacity persists over the time despite their structural and chemical changes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Géraldine Bidar) 27 May 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02633744v1
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[hal-01461150] Réseau PRO : Création d'un réseau d'essais au champ et d'un outil de mutualisation des données pour l'étude de la valeur agronomique et des impacts environnementaux des Produits Résiduaires Organiques recyclés en agriculture
Le projet « Réseau PRO » (2011-2014) a permis la constitution d’un réseau national d’essais étudiant les effets des épandages agricoles de produits résiduaires organiques (PRO) dans des situations agropédo-climatiques très différentes et pour une grande diversité de PRO épandus. Ce réseau visait d’une part, à harmoniser les méthodes d’étude et de suivi des effets des PRO épandus au champ, et d’autre part à mutualiser les données acquises sur une grande diversité d’essais au champ. Ont ainsi été élaborés : un inventaire de 437 essais étudiant les PRO en France, un guide méthodologique opérationnel de conduite d’essai de plein champ sur les PRO, une méthode de référencement des PRO et une première ébauche de nomenclature, et un système d’information commun au Réseau PRO et au SOERE PRO. Par ailleurs, les données recueillies ont permis d’améliorer le paramétrage des outils développés au sein du RMT Fertilisation & Environnement (outils de diagnostic environnemental et de gestion de la fertilisation et du statut organique des sols). Enfin, l’analyse critique des jeux de données mutualisés a donné lieu à des recommandations pour les futurs essais.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (M. Heurtaux) 27 May 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01461150v1
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[hal-02822313] Fate of organic pollutants after sewage sludge spreading on agricultural soils: a 30-years field-scale recording
Toxic organic compounds, such as the surfactants linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPE), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and residues derived from plastics (PAE-phthalates) end up in sewage sludge. In order to evaluate and quantify the potential environmental risks associated with the xenobiotic introduction into biological life cycle, the EU BIOWASTE project (QLK5-CT-2002-01138) devotes one task to the study of the fate of xenobiotic in a sandy soil after sludge spreading on a 30-year field-scale record experiment. Experimental maize crop fields from Bordeaux (France) have been amended with 100 tons per hectare each 2 years from 1974 to 1992. From 1992 to 2004, the fields were maintained and cropped with maize. This experiment shows that the concentration fluctuations in the sludge amended soil follow the same pattern of those in the sewage sludge showing that there is a real impact of the present xenobiotics in the sewage sludge on the concentration of the xenobiotics in the soil. Nonetheless, 12 years after the last addition of sewage sludge, the residual concentrations remain from 2 to 10 times higher than the content of the control soil, even though these levels are inferior to the Predicted Non Effect Concentration (PNEC). Only LAS level went back to the level in the control soil. However, only the LAS concentration is above the PNEC during all the experiment due to the very high level of LAS in the sludge (20 g/kg dry weight). These results show that even though this compound is much more degradable than NPE and PAE, it may have a long term effect in soil if high quantities are spread. To conclude, this study underlines the importance to fix maximum level for xenobiotic compounds for sewage sludge spreading on agricultural land, and also the central role of the sewage sludge processes in reducing the xenobiotic concentrations before spreading.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 06 Jun 2020
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02822313v1
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[hal-03494263] Fate and impact of specific organic contaminants after sewage sludge spreading on agricultural soils: from lab-scale to field-scale experiments
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 18 Dec 2021
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03494263v1
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[hal-01600155] Occurrence and fate of xenobiotic in sewage sludge and in sludge-amended soils
Occurrence and fate of xenobiotic in sewage sludge and in sludge-amended soils. 15th SETAC Europe Annual Meeting
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dominique Patureau) 04 Jun 2020
https://hal.science/hal-01600155v1
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[hal-02647624] Prediction of soil organic and inorganic carbon contents at a national scale (France) using mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS)
This work aimed to evaluate the potential of mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) to predict soil organic and inorganic carbon contents with a 2086-sample set representative of French topsoils (0-30 cm). Ground air-dried samples collected regularly using a 16 x 16-km grid were analysed for total (dry combustion) and inorganic (calcimeter) carbon; organic carbon was calculated by difference. Calibrations of MIR spectra with partial least square regressions were developed with 10-80% of the set and five random selections of samples. Comparisons between samples with contrasting organic or inorganic carbon content and regression coefficients of calibration equations both showed that organic carbon was firstly associated with a wide spectral region around 2500-3500 cm-1 (which was a reflection of its complex nature), and inorganic carbon with narrow spectral bands, especially around 2520 cm-1. Optimal calibrations for both organic and inorganic carbon were achieved by using 20% of the total set: predictions were not improved much by including more of the set and were less stable, probably because of atypical samples. At the 20% rate, organic carbon predictions over the validation set (80% of the total) yielded mean R², standard error of prediction (SEP) and RPD (ratio of standard deviation to SEP) of 0.89, 6.7 g kg-1 and 3.0, respectively; inorganic carbon predictions yielded 0.97, 2.8 g kg-1 and 5.6, respectively. This seemed appropriate for large-scale soil inventories and mapping studies but not for accurate carbon monitoring, possibly because carbonate soils were included. More work is needed on organic carbon calibrations for large-scale soil libraries.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Clovis Grinand) 22 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02647624v1
